Matteucci D, Poli A, Mazzetti P, Sozzi S, Bonci F, Isola P, Zaccaro L, Giannecchini S, Calandrella M, Pistello M, Specter S, Bendinelli M
Department of Biomedicine, Retrovirus Center and Virology Section, University of Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.
J Virol. 2000 Dec;74(23):10911-9. doi: 10.1128/jvi.74.23.10911-10919.2000.
Attempts at vaccine development for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) have been extensive, both because this is a significant health problem for cats and because FIV may be a useful vaccine model for human immunodeficiency virus. To date, only modest success, producing only short-term protection, has been achieved for vaccine trials in controlled laboratory settings. It is unclear how relevant such experiments are to prevention of natural infection. The current study used a vaccine that employs cell-associated FIV-M2 strain fixed with paraformaldehyde. Subject cats were in a private shelter where FIV was endemic, a prevalence of 29 to 58% over an 8-year observation period. Cats roamed freely from the shelter through the surrounding countryside but returned for food and shelter. After ensuring that cats were FIV negative, they were immunized using six doses of vaccine over a 16-month period and observed for 28 months after the initiation of immunization. Twenty-six cats (12 immunized and 14 nonimmunized controls) were monitored for a minimum of 22 months. Immunized cats did not experience significant adverse effects from immunization and developed both antibodies and cellular immunity to FIV, although individual responses varied greatly. At the conclusion of the study, 0 of 12 immunized cats had evidence of FIV infection, while 5 of 14 control cats were infected. Thus, the vaccine was safe and immunogenic and did not transmit infection. Furthermore, vaccinated cats did not develop FIV infection in a limited clinical trial over an extended time period. Thus, the data suggest that a fixed, FIV-infected cell vaccine has potential for preventing natural FIV infection in free-roaming cats.
针对猫免疫缺陷病毒（FIV）的疫苗研发工作一直在广泛开展，这既是因为它对猫来说是一个重大的健康问题，也是因为FIV可能是人类免疫缺陷病毒的一个有用的疫苗模型。到目前为止，在受控实验室环境下进行的疫苗试验仅取得了有限的成功，仅产生短期保护。尚不清楚此类实验与预防自然感染的相关性如何。当前的研究使用了一种用多聚甲醛固定的细胞相关FIV-M2毒株疫苗。受试猫来自一个私人庇护所，那里FIV呈地方流行，在8年的观察期内患病率为29%至58%。猫可以从庇护所自由漫步到周围的乡村，但会回来获取食物和庇护。在确保猫FIV呈阴性后，在16个月的时间里给它们接种六剂疫苗，并在开始免疫后观察28个月。对26只猫（12只接种疫苗的和14只未接种疫苗的对照猫）进行了至少22个月的监测。接种疫苗的猫没有因免疫而出现明显的不良反应，并且产生了针对FIV的抗体和细胞免疫，尽管个体反应差异很大。在研究结束时，12只接种疫苗的猫中没有一只出现FIV感染的迹象，而14只对照猫中有5只被感染。因此，该疫苗是安全且具有免疫原性的，并且不会传播感染。此外，在一个有限的临床试验中，接种疫苗的猫在较长时间内没有发生FIV感染。因此，数据表明一种固定的、FIV感染细胞疫苗有潜力预防自由放养猫的自然FIV感染。
