Morley K C, McGregor I S
Department of Psychology, University of Sydney, A19, NSW 2006, Sydney, Australia.
Eur J Pharmacol. 2000 Nov 10;408(1):41-9. doi: 10.1016/s0014-2999(00)00749-4.
A series of experiments administered a low dose range (0, 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg) of (+/-)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 'Ecstasy') to rats and assessed them in a variety of standard tests of anxiety. These tests included the emergence and elevated plus-maze tests, social interaction, cat odor avoidance and footshock-induced ultrasonic vocalizations. MDMA increased anxiety-related behaviours in the emergence and elevated plus-maze tests at all dose levels. A 5 mg/kg dose of MDMA also significantly reduced the time spent in close proximity to an anxiogenic cat odor stimulus. The 5 mg/kg dose also significantly reduced footshock-induced ultrasonic vocalizations. In the social interaction test, MDMA decreased aggressive behaviours at all doses tested, while the highest dose (5 mg/kg) also significantly increased the duration of social interaction. These results indicate that MDMA has both anxiogenic and anxiolytic effects depending upon the test situation employed. The facilitation of social interaction produced by MDMA in rats concurs with human experience of MDMA as a uniquely prosocial drug.
一系列实验给大鼠施用了低剂量范围（0、1.25、2.5和5毫克/千克）的（±）-3,4-亚甲基二氧甲基苯丙胺（摇头丸，“摇头丸”），并在各种标准焦虑测试中对它们进行评估。这些测试包括旷场试验和高架十字迷宫试验、社交互动、猫气味回避和电击诱发的超声波发声。在所有剂量水平下，摇头丸在旷场试验和高架十字迷宫试验中均增加了与焦虑相关的行为。5毫克/千克剂量的摇头丸也显著减少了在接近焦虑诱发的猫气味刺激时所花费的时间。5毫克/千克剂量也显著减少了电击诱发的超声波发声。在社交互动测试中，摇头丸在所有测试剂量下均减少了攻击行为，而最高剂量（5毫克/千克）也显著增加了社交互动的持续时间。这些结果表明，摇头丸根据所采用的测试情况既有致焦虑作用又有抗焦虑作用。摇头丸在大鼠中促进社交互动的作用与人类将摇头丸视为独特的亲社会药物的体验一致。
