Garcia-Romeu Albert, Kersgaard Brennan, Addy Peter H
Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
Department of Medical Informatics, Department of Veterans Affairs.
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2016 Aug;24(4):229-68. doi: 10.1037/pha0000084.
Hallucinogens fall into several different classes, as broadly defined by pharmacological mechanism of action, and chemical structure. These include psychedelics, entactogens, dissociatives, and other atypical hallucinogens. Although these classes do not share a common primary mechanism of action, they do exhibit important similarities in their ability to occasion temporary but profound alterations of consciousness, involving acute changes in somatic, perceptual, cognitive, and affective processes. Such effects likely contribute to their recreational use. However, a growing body of evidence indicates that these drugs may have therapeutic applications beyond their potential for abuse. This review will present data on several classes of hallucinogens with a particular focus on psychedelics, entactogens, and dissociatives, for which clinical utility has been most extensively documented. Information on each class is presented in turn, tracing relevant historical insights, highlighting similarities and differences between the classes from the molecular to the behavioral level, and presenting the most up-to-date information on clinically oriented research with these substances, with important ramifications for their potential therapeutic value. (PsycINFO Database Record
致幻剂可分为几个不同的类别，这是根据其药理学作用机制和化学结构进行的广义定义。这些类别包括迷幻剂、触觉致幻剂、分离性致幻剂和其他非典型致幻剂。尽管这些类别没有共同的主要作用机制，但它们在引发意识的暂时但深刻改变的能力方面确实表现出重要的相似之处，这种改变涉及躯体、感知、认知和情感过程的急性变化。这些效应可能促成了它们的娱乐性使用。然而，越来越多的证据表明，这些药物除了有被滥用的可能性外，可能还有治疗用途。本综述将呈现几类致幻剂的数据，特别关注迷幻剂、触觉致幻剂和分离性致幻剂，其临床效用已有最广泛的文献记载。依次介绍每一类别的信息，追溯相关的历史见解，从分子水平到行为水平突出各类别之间的异同，并呈现关于这些物质的临床导向研究的最新信息，这对它们潜在的治疗价值具有重要影响。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
