Zuckerman D M
National Center for Policy Research for Women and Families, Washington, DC, USA.
J Am Med Womens Assoc (1972). 2000 Fall;55(5):285-9.
Many of the more than 182,000 women who will be newly diagnosed with breast cancer this year will not have access to all the information they need to make the surgical and treatment choices that are most appropriate for them. Research clearly shows that lumpectomy and other breast-conserving surgeries are just as safe as mastectomy for most women with early stage disease, and yet approximately half will undergo the more disfiguring procedures. Choices about breast implants and autologous tissue reconstruction are based, at best, on a few published studies that provide limited information about the long-term safety of these procedures. Many healthy women who have strong family histories of breast cancer consider prophylactic mastectomies, and their decisions are also based on very limited information, because there are few studies showing the effectiveness of that procedure. This paper delineates how limited information and biased recommendations can undermine breast cancer patients' ability to make informed choices.
今年将有超过18.2万名女性被新诊断出患有乳腺癌，其中许多人无法获取做出最适合自己的手术和治疗选择所需的全部信息。研究清楚地表明，对于大多数早期疾病患者而言，乳房肿瘤切除术和其他保乳手术与乳房切除术一样安全，但仍有大约一半的患者会接受更具毁容性的手术。关于乳房植入物和自体组织重建的选择，充其量是基于一些已发表的研究，这些研究提供的关于这些手术长期安全性的信息有限。许多有乳腺癌家族病史的健康女性考虑进行预防性乳房切除术，她们的决定同样也是基于非常有限的信息，因为很少有研究表明该手术的有效性。本文阐述了信息有限和有偏见的建议如何会损害乳腺癌患者做出明智选择的能力。
