Curry S J, Ludman E, Grothaus L, Donovan D, Kim E, Fishman P
Center for Health Studies, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
Prev Med. 2000 Nov;31(5):595-602. doi: 10.1006/pmed.2000.0754.
Addressing non-alcoholic, at-risk patterns of alcohol consumption that are associated with increased morbidity and mortality is an important health care priority.
The objective was to describe the prevalence and characteristics of at-risk drinkers in a population-based sample of adults with routine primary care visits.
Three thousand four hundred thirty-nine patients with advance appointments in 23 primary care practices completed a health survey prior to their visit. At-risk drinking was defined as consuming an average of two or more drinks per day (chronic drinking), or two or more occasions of consuming five or more drinks in the past month (binge drinking), or, in the past month, one or more occasion of driving after consuming three or more drinks (drinking and driving).
Prevalence was: 11% at-risk drinking; 63% light to moderate drinking; 26% abstinence. Abstainers differed from alcohol users on demographics (older, fewer Caucasian, lower income, more unemployed), other health behaviors (less exercise, lower rates of smoking, and marijuana and cocaine use), and family history of alcohol problems (lower). Abstainers also reported poorer physical and psychological health. Compared to light to moderate drinkers, at-risk drinkers were more likely to be male, unmarried, and to use other substances (tobacco, marijuana, and cocaine). Among at-risk drinkers, those with two or more risk factors were more likely male, consumed more alcohol per week, had higher AUDIT scores and were more motivated to change their drinking. Among those with only one risk factor, binge drinkers reported high rates of tobacco and marijuana use, relatively poor perceived health, and the highest proportion of negative consequences from drinking.
At least 1 in 10 patients making routine primary care visits have drinking practices that place them at risk for negative consequences from drinking. Three drinking patterns that can be used to define at-risk drinking are relatively distinct.
解决与发病率和死亡率增加相关的非酒精性、有风险的饮酒模式是医疗保健的一项重要优先事项。
目的是描述在进行常规初级保健就诊的成年人群体样本中有风险饮酒者的患病率及其特征。
23家初级保健机构中3439名预约就诊的患者在就诊前完成了一项健康调查。有风险饮酒被定义为平均每天饮用两杯或更多杯酒（长期饮酒），或在过去一个月中有两次或更多次饮用五杯或更多杯酒（暴饮），或在过去一个月中，有一次或更多次在饮用三杯或更多杯酒后驾车（酒后驾车）。
患病率为：11%有风险饮酒；63%轻度至中度饮酒；26%戒酒。戒酒者在人口统计学特征（年龄较大、白人较少、收入较低、失业较多）、其他健康行为（锻炼较少、吸烟率较低以及使用大麻和可卡因的比例较低）以及酒精问题家族史（较低）方面与饮酒者不同。戒酒者还报告身体和心理健康状况较差。与轻度至中度饮酒者相比，有风险饮酒者更可能是男性、未婚且使用其他物质（烟草、大麻和可卡因）。在有风险饮酒者中，有两个或更多风险因素的人更可能是男性，每周饮酒量更多，酒精使用障碍识别测试（AUDIT）得分更高，且更有动力改变饮酒习惯。在只有一个风险因素的人中，暴饮者报告烟草和大麻使用率较高，自我感觉健康状况相对较差，且饮酒带来负面后果的比例最高。
至少十分之一进行常规初级保健就诊的患者存在饮酒行为，这些行为使他们面临饮酒带来负面后果的风险。三种可用于定义有风险饮酒的饮酒模式相对不同。
