Agudo A, Ahrens W, Benhamou E, Benhamou S, Boffetta P, Darby S C, Forastiere F, Fortes C, Gaborieau V, González C A, Jöckel K H, Kreuzer M, Merletti F, Pohlabeln H, Richiardi L, Whitley E, Wichmann H E, Zambon P, Simonato L
Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain.
Int J Cancer. 2000 Dec 1;88(5):820-7. doi: 10.1002/1097-0215(20001201)88:5<820::aid-ijc21>3.0.co;2-j.
The association between cigarette smoking and lung cancer risk in women was investigated within the framework of a case-control study in 9 centres from 6 European countries. Cases were 1,556 women up to 75 years of age with histologically confirmed primary lung cancer; 2, 450 controls with age distribution similar to cases were selected. The predominant cell type was adenocarcinoma (33.5%), with similar proportions for squamous-cell type (26.4%) and small-cell carcinoma (22.3%). Overall, smoking cigarettes at any time was associated with a 5-fold increase in lung cancer risk (odds ratio 5.21, 95% confidence interval 4.49-6.04); corresponding figures for current smoking habits were 8.94, 7.54-10.6. The association showed a dose-response relationship with duration of the habit and daily and cumulative lifetime smoking. A significant excess risk of 70% was associated with every 10 pack-years smoked. After 10 years of smoking cessation, the relative risk decreased to 20% compared to current smokers. The following characteristics were associated with a higher relative risk: inhalation of smoke, smoking non-filter cigarettes, smoking dark-type cigarettes and starting at young age. The association was observed for all major histological types, being the strongest for small-cell type carcinoma, followed by squamous-cell type and the lowest for adenocarcinoma. The proportion of lung-cancer cases in the population attributable to cigarette smoking ranged from 14% to 85%. We concluded that women share most features of the association between cigarette smoking and lung cancer observed in men.
在一项病例对照研究的框架内，对来自6个欧洲国家9个中心的女性吸烟与肺癌风险之间的关联进行了调查。病例为1556名75岁及以下经组织学确诊为原发性肺癌的女性；选择了2450名年龄分布与病例相似的对照。主要细胞类型为腺癌（33.5%），鳞状细胞型（26.4%）和小细胞癌（22.3%）的比例相似。总体而言，任何时候吸烟都会使肺癌风险增加5倍（比值比5.21，95%置信区间4.49 - 6.04）；当前吸烟习惯的相应数字为8.94，7.54 - 10.6。这种关联与吸烟习惯的持续时间、每日吸烟量和累积终生吸烟量呈剂量反应关系。每多吸10包年，肺癌风险显著额外增加70%。戒烟10年后，与当前吸烟者相比，相对风险降至20%。以下特征与较高的相对风险相关：吸入烟雾、吸非过滤嘴香烟、吸深色香烟以及年轻时开始吸烟。在所有主要组织学类型中均观察到这种关联，其中小细胞癌最强，其次是鳞状细胞型，腺癌最低。人群中归因于吸烟的肺癌病例比例在14%至85%之间。我们得出结论，女性在吸烟与肺癌之间的关联方面与男性具有大多数共同特征。
