Lamme V A, Roelfsema P R
The Graduate School of Neurosciences, Dept Visual System Analysis, AMC, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 12011, 1100 AA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Trends Neurosci. 2000 Nov;23(11):571-9. doi: 10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01657-x.
An analysis of response latencies shows that when an image is presented to the visual system, neuronal activity is rapidly routed to a large number of visual areas. However, the activity of cortical neurons is not determined by this feedforward sweep alone. Horizontal connections within areas, and higher areas providing feedback, result in dynamic changes in tuning. The differences between feedforward and recurrent processing could prove pivotal in understanding the distinctions between attentive and pre-attentive vision as well as between conscious and unconscious vision. The feedforward sweep rapidly groups feature constellations that are hardwired in the visual brain, yet is probably incapable of yielding visual awareness; in many cases, recurrent processing is necessary before the features of an object are attentively grouped and the stimulus can enter consciousness.
对反应潜伏期的分析表明，当向视觉系统呈现一幅图像时，神经元活动会迅速传递到大量视觉区域。然而，皮层神经元的活动并非仅由这种前馈扫描决定。区域内的水平连接以及提供反馈的更高区域会导致调谐的动态变化。前馈处理和循环处理之间的差异可能对理解注意力视觉和前注意力视觉之间以及有意识视觉和无意识视觉之间的区别至关重要。前馈扫描迅速将视觉大脑中固有的特征组合聚集在一起，但可能无法产生视觉意识；在许多情况下，在对物体的特征进行注意力分组且刺激能够进入意识之前，循环处理是必要的。
