Nupponen N N, Visakorpi T
Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
Microsc Res Tech. 2000 Dec 1;51(5):456-63. doi: 10.1002/1097-0029(20001201)51:5<456::AID-JEMT8>3.0.CO;2-H.
Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy among men in Western industrialized countries. The molecular pathogenesis of the disease is poorly known. Over the past 10 years, chromosomal aberrations in prostate cancer have been studied with several techniques, such as loss of heterozygosity (LOH), classical cytogenetics, and molecular cytogenetics, namely with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). These analyses, especially those performed by CGH, have enabled the distinction of the predominant chromosomal regions of involvement in prostate cancer. Studies have shown that the most common chromosomal alterations in prostate cancer are losses at 1p, 6q, 8p, 10q, 13q, 16q, and 18q and gains at 1q, 2p, 7, 8q, 18q, and Xq. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has been used to identify the target genes for some of these chromosomal alterations. For example, amplifications of AR (at Xq12), MYC (8q24), and EIF3S3 (8q23) have been found in a large fraction of hormone-refractory prostate cancer by FISH. However, many of the critical oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes located in the altered chromosomal regions have not yet been identified.
前列腺癌是西方工业化国家男性中最常见的恶性肿瘤。该疾病的分子发病机制尚不清楚。在过去10年中，已使用多种技术研究前列腺癌中的染色体畸变，如杂合性缺失（LOH）、经典细胞遗传学和分子细胞遗传学，即荧光原位杂交（FISH）和比较基因组杂交（CGH）。这些分析，尤其是通过CGH进行的分析，已能够区分前列腺癌中主要受累的染色体区域。研究表明，前列腺癌中最常见的染色体改变是1p、6q、8p、10q、13q、16q和18q的缺失以及1q、2p、7、8q、18q和Xq的增加。荧光原位杂交（FISH）已用于鉴定其中一些染色体改变的靶基因。例如，通过FISH在很大一部分激素难治性前列腺癌中发现了AR（位于Xq12）、MYC（8q24）和EIF3S3（8q23）的扩增。然而，位于改变的染色体区域中的许多关键癌基因和肿瘤抑制基因尚未被鉴定出来。
