Chabrol H, Faury R, Mullet E, Callahan S, Weigelt A, Labrousse F
Centre d'études et de recherches en psychopathologie, maison de la recherche, université de Toulouse-Le-Mirail, France.
Arch Pediatr. 2000 Oct;7(10):1064-71. doi: 10.1016/s0929-693x(00)00314-6.
This research evaluated nicotine dependence in adolescent smokers, their motivation to smoke and/or stop smoking, and their knowledge of how to stop smoking as well as the potential difficulties involved.
Three hundred forty-two high school students completed questionnaires using two measures of dependence (the Fagerstrom tolerance test and a visual-analog self-evaluation scale), a test to measure motivation to smoke (the Horn test), and a questionnaire exploring motivations to stop smoking, methods used to stop smoking, and the anticipated difficulties.
On the Fagerstrom tolerance test, 14.6% of the students indicated strong dependence, whereas 32.3% indicated intermediate dependence. The Fagestrom score was strongly correlated to the self-evaluation test (r = 0.54, P < 0.001) and negatively correlated with the subjects' ages at the onset of smoking (r = -0.28, P < 0.001). The Horn test revealed that the main motivation to smoke is the search for relaxation and a decrease of negative emotions, indicating that cigarette smoking is primarily a means to manage stress and anxiety. Eighty-nine percent of the subjects stated that they would like to stop smoking, primarily because of the financial cost and health concerns. Among those subjects wishing to stop, 64.5% had previously tried to stop and had failed and 72% believed that it would be 'difficult' or 'very difficult' to stop. The main anticipated difficulties were an increase in stress and anxiety and, for the girls, weight gain. The anticipation of these difficulties was strongly correlated to dependence scores (r = 0.43, P < 0.001). Despite awareness of these difficulties, only 19.6% of the subjects wishing to stop smoking expected to seek medical assistance. For most of the measured variables, there was no difference between boys and girls.
This study confirms the seriousness of tobacco consumption in adolescence. The results suggest the need for early programs aimed at preventing or delaying onset of use as well as the need to develop programs to aid high school students to stop smoking.
本研究评估了青少年吸烟者的尼古丁依赖程度、他们吸烟和/或戒烟的动机、他们对如何戒烟的了解以及其中涉及的潜在困难。
342名高中生完成了问卷调查，问卷采用了两种依赖程度测量方法（法格斯特罗姆耐受量测试和视觉模拟自评量表）、一种测量吸烟动机的测试（霍恩测试）以及一份探索戒烟动机、戒烟方法和预期困难的问卷。
在法格斯特罗姆耐受量测试中，14.6%的学生表示有强烈依赖，而32.3%的学生表示有中度依赖。法格斯特罗姆得分与自评测试呈强相关（r = 0.54，P < 0.001），与受试者开始吸烟时的年龄呈负相关（r = -0.28，P < 0.001）。霍恩测试表明，吸烟的主要动机是寻求放松和减少负面情绪，这表明吸烟主要是一种应对压力和焦虑的方式。89%的受试者表示他们想戒烟，主要原因是经济成本和健康问题。在那些想戒烟的受试者中，64.5%的人此前曾尝试戒烟但失败了，72%的人认为戒烟“困难”或“非常困难”。主要的预期困难是压力和焦虑增加，对女孩来说，还有体重增加。对这些困难的预期与依赖得分呈强相关（r = 0.43，P < 0.001）。尽管意识到了这些困难，但只有19.6%想戒烟的受试者期望寻求医疗帮助。对于大多数测量变量，男孩和女孩之间没有差异。
本研究证实了青少年吸烟问题的严重性。研究结果表明，需要开展早期项目以预防或推迟吸烟行为的开始，同时也需要制定项目来帮助高中生戒烟。
