Mathew Amanda R, Wahlquist Amy E, Garrett-Mayer Elizabeth, Gray Kevin M, Saladin Michael E, Carpenter Matthew J
Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC;
Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC;
Nicotine Tob Res. 2014 Oct;16(10):1387-93. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntu093. Epub 2014 Jun 12.
As most smokers initiate smoking during adolescence, assessment of smoking motives that underlie trajectories of dependence is critical for both prevention and cessation efforts. In the current study, we expected participants with higher nicotine dependence would smoke (a) less for positive reinforcement (PR) and (b) more for negative reinforcement (NR) motives. We secondarily assessed the relative contribution of PR to NR motives across levels of dependence.
Data were drawn from a study on cue-elicited craving among occasional versus daily adolescent smokers aged 16-20 years (N = 111). Smoking motives were assessed in relation to 3 commonly used measures of nicotine dependence: (a) Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), (b) Autonomy over Smoking Scale (AUTOS), and (c) Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (NDSS).
Compared to occasional smokers, daily smokers had significantly higher scores on each dependence measure and endorsed more prominent NR smoking motives. Each measure of nicotine dependence was strongly associated with NR motives for smoking, although measures differed in their association with PR motives. As expected, the FTND, AUTOS, and NDSS each significantly predicted smoking motive difference score (PR - NR), such that higher dependence was associated with more prominent NR motives for smoking.
Results are consistent with our understanding of dependence and provide further support for 3 common measures of nicotine dependence among early stage smokers.
由于大多数吸烟者在青少年时期开始吸烟，因此评估导致成瘾轨迹的吸烟动机对于预防和戒烟工作都至关重要。在本研究中，我们预计尼古丁依赖程度较高的参与者吸烟（a）为了积极强化（PR）的目的会更少，（b）为了消极强化（NR）的目的会更多。我们还次要评估了在不同依赖水平下PR动机与NR动机的相对贡献。
数据来自一项针对16至20岁偶尔吸烟与每日吸烟的青少年吸烟者（N = 111）的线索诱发渴望的研究。吸烟动机是根据3种常用的尼古丁依赖测量方法进行评估的：（a）尼古丁依赖的Fagerström测试（FTND），（b）吸烟自主性量表（AUTOS），以及（c）尼古丁依赖综合征量表（NDSS）。
与偶尔吸烟者相比，每日吸烟者在每种依赖测量方法上的得分均显著更高，并且认可更突出的NR吸烟动机。每种尼古丁依赖测量方法都与吸烟的NR动机密切相关，尽管这些测量方法在与PR动机的关联上有所不同。正如预期的那样，FTND、AUTOS和NDSS均显著预测了吸烟动机差异得分（PR - NR），即更高的依赖与更突出的NR吸烟动机相关。
结果与我们对成瘾的理解一致，并为早期吸烟者中尼古丁依赖的3种常用测量方法提供了进一步支持。
