Desgrandchamps D, Schaad U B, Glaus J, Tusch G, Heininger U
Abteilung für Infektiologie und Vakzinologie, Universitäts-Kinderspital beider Basel.
Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 2000 Oct 14;130(41):1479-86.
To study the question of how long maternal IgG antibodies against measles, mumps and rubella persist in infants.
Sera of children aged 0-16 months who had been hospitalised in our institution between 1994 and 1999 were identified from our routine serum collection. Exclusion criteria were: preterm delivery; suspected measles, mumps or rubella illness or exanthema of unknown aetiology; transfusion of blood products in the 6 months preceding serum collection; foreign-born mother; previous MMR immunisation. IgG antibodies were measured by use of commercially available ELISA kits.
254 serum specimens were analysed. Age distribution of patients was as follows: 0-3 months n = 58; > 3-6 months n = 48; > 6-9 months n = 52; > 9-12 months n = 42; > 12-16 months n = 54. The following seroprevalence rates for IgG antibodies were found (measles/mumps/rubella): 0-3 months 97%/62%/91%; > 3-6 months 40%/2%/42%; > 6-9 months 4%/2%/10%; > 9-12 months 2%/0%/12%; > 12-16 months 0%/7%/7%.
Our results demonstrate high levels of passive immunity against measles and rubella in Swiss infants during the first months of life, whereas immunity against mumps appears to be considerably less reliable. Beyond the first 3 months of life, IgG antibodies against all 3 illnesses are lacking in the majority of patients; beyond 12 months of age they are only rarely detectable. These results raise the question whether the first MMR immunisation, currently recommended at the age of 15 months in Switzerland, should be brought forward.
研究母体抗麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹的IgG抗体在婴儿体内持续存在的时间问题。
从我们常规血清采集中识别出1994年至1999年间在本机构住院的0至16个月大儿童的血清。排除标准为：早产；疑似麻疹、腮腺炎或风疹疾病或病因不明的皮疹；血清采集前6个月内输血；母亲为外国出生；既往接种过MMR疫苗。使用市售ELISA试剂盒检测IgG抗体。
分析了254份血清标本。患者的年龄分布如下：0至3个月n = 58；> 3至6个月n = 48；> 6至9个月n = 52；> 9至12个月n = 42；> 12至16个月n = 54。发现IgG抗体的以下血清阳性率（麻疹/腮腺炎/风疹）：0至3个月97%/62%/91%；> 3至6个月40%/2%/42%；> 6至9个月4%/2%/10%；> 9至12个月2%/0%/12%；> 12至16个月0%/7%/7%。
我们的结果表明，瑞士婴儿在出生后的头几个月对麻疹和风疹具有高水平的被动免疫，而对腮腺炎的免疫似乎相当不可靠。在出生后的前3个月之后，大多数患者缺乏针对所有3种疾病的IgG抗体；在12个月龄之后，它们很少能被检测到。这些结果引发了一个问题：瑞士目前建议在15个月龄时进行的首次MMR疫苗接种是否应提前。
