Schaldach M
Klin Wochenschr. 1975 Nov 1;53(21):1029-39. doi: 10.1007/BF01614304.
There is a steadily increasing importance of implants used as substitutions for body functions which have been impaired due to disease, natural abrasion or accident. With the present state of the art, the limitations for the application of surgical substitutions are due to insufficient properties of biomaterials with regard to specific applications as well as to deficiencies in design and function of the implants used. The basis for the improvement and new development of implants is therefore a functionally adequate design in which the specific properties of the material are taken into account with regard to the individual requirements of the implantation site. For orthopedic implants, materials have to be developed which are to a large extent corrosion and degradation resistant, and withstand high mechanical stress. For implants in the cardiovascular system, compatibility with blood is most significant. Present research in this field is concentrated on efforts to improve the thromboresistivity of conventional polymers by different kinds of surface treatments. One possibility is to influence actively the electrochemical interactions between material and blood components, e.g. by the use of redox catalysts.
作为因疾病、自然磨损或事故而受损的身体功能替代品的植入物，其重要性正稳步增加。就目前的技术水平而言，外科替代物应用的局限性在于生物材料在特定应用方面性能不足，以及所用植入物在设计和功能上存在缺陷。因此，植入物改进和新开发的基础是功能上适当的设计，其中要根据植入部位的个体需求考虑材料的特定性能。对于整形外科植入物，必须开发出在很大程度上耐腐蚀和降解、并能承受高机械应力的材料。对于心血管系统中的植入物，与血液的相容性最为重要。该领域目前的研究集中在通过各种表面处理来提高传统聚合物的抗血栓性。一种可能性是通过使用氧化还原催化剂等方式，积极影响材料与血液成分之间的电化学相互作用。
