McCauley R D, Cato D H
Department of Marine Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2000 Sep 29;355(1401):1289-93. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2000.0686.
Long-term sea-noise statistics have been obtained from a region of the central section of the Great Barrier Reef. Fish calling was a major contributor to sea-noise levels. Calling was either in choruses, where groups of fishes called en masse, or as isolated calls repeated ad nauseam. Four calling types predominated, with each displaying unique call characteristics and calling patterns through time and space. Analysis of call types offered information on the fish's calling physiology, behaviour and, through the call's interaction with the local environment, on the location of the caller. Call types ranged from less than 10 ms to several seconds long, and were comprised from one to nearly 40 pulses. The structure of each pulse was related to swim-bladder mechanics; normally swim-bladders were lightly damped. Fish calling was most common during the Australian summer with one call type also displaying lunar trends. All calls had daily patterns of sound production with highest activity levels generally at night. There was some spatial separation of zones of highest call rates, but sources avoided competition for the 'sound space' primarily by offsetting the time of chorus or maximum call rate. On some occasions, a call type attributed to nocturnal planktivorous fishes may have ensonified much of the Great Barrier Reef.
长期的海洋噪声统计数据是从大堡礁中部区域获取的。鱼类发声是海洋噪声水平的主要贡献因素。发声方式要么是成群鱼类一起发声的合唱，要么是单个叫声反复出现。有四种主要的发声类型，每种类型在时间和空间上都呈现出独特的叫声特征和发声模式。对叫声类型的分析提供了有关鱼类发声生理、行为的信息，并且通过叫声与当地环境的相互作用，还能了解发声者的位置。叫声类型的时长从不到10毫秒到几秒不等，由1个到近40个脉冲组成。每个脉冲的结构与鱼鳔力学有关；通常鱼鳔的阻尼较小。鱼类发声在澳大利亚夏季最为常见，其中一种叫声类型还呈现出月相趋势。所有叫声都有每日的发声模式，活动水平通常在夜间最高。最高叫声频率区域存在一定的空间分隔，但发声源主要通过错开合唱时间或最大叫声频率来避免对“声音空间”的竞争。在某些情况下，一种归因于夜间浮游生物食性鱼类的叫声类型可能使大堡礁的大部分区域都充满了声音。
