Hirabayashi T, Shimizu T
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Oct 31;1488(1-2):124-38. doi: 10.1016/s1388-1981(00)00115-3.
Liberation of arachidonic acid by cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) upon cell activation is often the initial and rate-limiting step in leukotriene and prostaglandin biosynthesis. This review discusses the essential features of cPLA(2) isoforms and addresses intriguing insights into the catalytic and regulatory mechanisms. Gene expression, posttranslational modification and subcellular localization can regulate these isoforms. Translocation of cPLA(2)alpha from the cytosol to the perinuclear region in response to calcium transients is critical for the immediate arachidonic acid release. Therefore, particular emphasis is placed on the mechanism of the translocation and the role of the proteins and lipids implicated in this process. The regional distribution and cellular localization of cPLA(2) may help to better understand its function as an arachidonic acid supplier to downstream enzymes and as a regulator of specific cellular processes.
细胞活化时，胞质磷脂酶A2（cPLA2）介导的花生四烯酸释放通常是白三烯和前列腺素生物合成的起始及限速步骤。本文综述了cPLA2亚型的基本特征，并探讨了其催化和调控机制的有趣见解。基因表达、翻译后修饰和亚细胞定位可调节这些亚型。cPLA2α响应钙瞬变从胞质溶胶转位至核周区域对于花生四烯酸的快速释放至关重要。因此，本文特别强调了转位机制以及参与该过程的蛋白质和脂质的作用。cPLA2的区域分布和细胞定位可能有助于更好地理解其作为下游酶的花生四烯酸供应者以及特定细胞过程调节者的功能。
