Rhim J S
Center for Prostate Disease Research, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000;919:16-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06863.x.
While the majority of carcinogenesis studies have relied on the use of rodent cells in culture, experimental models to define the role of carcinogenic agents in the development of cancers must be established by using a variety of human cells. Unlike rodent cells, normal human cells in culture rarely undergo spontaneous transformation and have generally proven to be resistant to neoplastic transformation by carcinogens. Remarkable progress has been made during the past decade in human cell transformation systems. Malignant transformation of human cells in culture has been achieved by a stepwise process: immortalization and conversion of the immortalized cells to tumorigenic cells. One of the critical initial events in the progression of normal human cells to tumor cells is the escape from cellular senescence, with few exceptions; normal human cells require immortalization to provide a practical system for carcinogenesis studies. Different cell types require different conditions and transforming agents to achieve a useful cell line. The current state of the art in immortalization of human cells will be presented.
虽然大多数致癌作用研究依赖于在培养中使用啮齿动物细胞，但必须通过使用多种人类细胞来建立实验模型，以确定致癌剂在癌症发生中的作用。与啮齿动物细胞不同，培养中的正常人类细胞很少发生自发转化，并且一般已证明对致癌物的肿瘤转化具有抗性。在过去十年中，人类细胞转化系统取得了显著进展。培养中的人类细胞的恶性转化是通过一个逐步过程实现的：永生化以及将永生化细胞转化为致瘤细胞。正常人类细胞向肿瘤细胞进展的关键初始事件之一是逃脱细胞衰老，极少数情况除外；正常人类细胞需要永生化以提供用于致癌作用研究的实用系统。不同的细胞类型需要不同的条件和转化剂来获得有用的细胞系。本文将介绍人类细胞永生化的当前技术水平。
