Caboor D E, Verlinden M O, Zinzen E, Van Roy P, Van Riel M P, Clarys J P
Department of Experimental Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium.
Ergonomics. 2000 Oct;43(10):1771-80. doi: 10.1080/001401300750004177.
Manual handling is a source of occupational stress, particularly for nursing personnel. High levels of biomechanical strain are associated with lifting and transferring patients, especially when the tasks are performed in flexed and twisted positions that induce an increased risk of functional and musculoskeletal problems. The use of adjustable beds in nursing practice has been suggested as a means of influencing working postures and reducing the muscular demands on nurses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects on spinal motion, muscular activity and perceived exertion when nurses had the opportunity to adjust bed height. The measures recorded during the conduct of standardized patient handling tasks were the changes in posture (inclination) and in shape (sagittal bending, side bending, axial rotation). Muscular activity was measured using surface electromyography. Perceived exertion was rated using the 15-graded Borg scale. The range of motion was not influenced by the adjustment of bed height, but rather a shift of the time duration histogram was noticed in the direction of the erect, safer position. The time spent in the safe zone of spinal motion near the erect position was significantly increased and was significantly decreased in the potential health-hazardous zones of spinal motion in the extreme positions. No differences in muscular activity or in perceived exertion were found between the two bed height conditions for any of the muscle groups. It was concluded that the quality of spinal motion is enhanced when the opportunity of adjusting the bed height is offered.
人工搬运是职业压力的一个来源，对护理人员来说尤其如此。高水平的生物力学应变与搬运和转移患者有关，特别是当这些任务在弯曲和扭转的姿势下进行时，这会增加功能和肌肉骨骼问题的风险。在护理实践中使用可调节床被认为是一种影响工作姿势并减轻护士肌肉负荷的方法。本研究的目的是调查当护士有机会调节床的高度时，对脊柱运动、肌肉活动和主观用力感觉的影响。在进行标准化患者搬运任务期间记录的测量指标是姿势（倾斜度）和形状（矢状面弯曲、侧弯、轴向旋转）的变化。使用表面肌电图测量肌肉活动。使用15级Borg量表对主观用力感觉进行评分。脊柱运动范围不受床高调节的影响，而是注意到时间持续直方图向直立、更安全的位置方向移动。在接近直立位置的脊柱运动安全区内花费的时间显著增加，而在极端位置的脊柱运动潜在健康危害区内花费的时间显著减少。在两种床高条件下，任何肌肉群的肌肉活动或主观用力感觉均未发现差异。得出的结论是，当提供调节床高的机会时，脊柱运动质量会得到提高。
