Penninx B W, Guralnik J M, Bandeen-Roche K, Kasper J D, Simonsick E M, Ferrucci L, Fried L P
Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.
J Am Geriatr Soc. 2000 Nov;48(11):1359-66. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2000.tb02622.x.
Although the adverse physical health consequences of negative emotions have been studied extensively, much less is known about the potential impact of positive emotions. This study examines whether emotional vitality protects against progression of disability and mortality in disabled older women.
A community-based study, The Women's Health and Aging Study.
A total of 1002 moderately to severely disabled women aged 65 years and older living in the community.
Emotional vitality was defined as having a high sense of personal mastery, being happy, and having low depressive symptomatology and anxiety. The onset of new disability was determined by semiannual assessments of disability in performing activities of daily living (ADLs), walking across a room, walking 1/4 mile, and lifting/carrying 10 pounds. Mortality status was determined by proxy interviews and linkage with death certificates. Survival analyses with time to onset of specific disabilities (among those not disabled at baseline) and time to mortality were performed and adjusted for age, baseline level of difficulty, physical performance, and chronic conditions.
Three hundred fifty-one of the 1002 older disabled women studied were emotionally vital. Among women without the specific disability at baseline, emotional vitality was associated with a significantly decreased risk for incident disability performing ADLs (RR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.66-0.99), for incident disability walking one-quarter mile (RR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.59-0.92), and for incident disability lifting/carrying 10 pounds (RR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.63-0.95). Emotional vitality was also associated with a lower risk of dying (RR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.39-0.80). These results were not simply caused by the absence of depression since protective health effects remained when emotionally vital women were compared with 334 women who were not emotionally vital and not depressed.
Emotional vitality in older disabled women reduces the risk for subsequent new disability and mortality. Our findings suggest that positive emotions can protect older persons against adverse health outcomes.
尽管负面情绪对身体健康的不良影响已得到广泛研究，但关于正面情绪的潜在影响却知之甚少。本研究旨在探讨情绪活力是否能预防老年残疾女性的残疾进展和死亡。
一项基于社区的研究，即女性健康与衰老研究。
共有1002名年龄在65岁及以上、生活在社区中的中度至重度残疾女性。
情绪活力被定义为具有高度的个人掌控感、快乐，且抑郁症状和焦虑程度较低。通过对日常生活活动（ADL）、穿过房间行走、行走四分之一英里以及提起/搬运10磅重物等方面的残疾情况进行半年一次的评估来确定新残疾的发生。通过代理人访谈和与死亡证明的关联来确定死亡状况。对特定残疾发生时间（基线时未残疾者）和死亡时间进行生存分析，并对年龄、基线困难程度、身体机能和慢性疾病进行了调整。
在研究的1002名老年残疾女性中，有351名情绪活力较高。在基线时没有特定残疾的女性中，情绪活力与进行ADL时发生残疾的风险显著降低相关（风险比[RR]=0.81，95%置信区间[CI]=0.66 - 0.99），与行走四分之一英里时发生残疾的风险相关（RR = 0.73，95% CI = 0.59 - 0.92），以及与提起/搬运10磅重物时发生残疾的风险相关（RR = 0.77，95% CI = 0.63 - 0.95）。情绪活力还与较低的死亡风险相关（RR = 0.56，95% CI = 0.39 - 0.80）。这些结果并非仅仅由无抑郁引起，因为将情绪活力高的女性与334名情绪活力不高且无抑郁的女性进行比较时，保护健康的效果依然存在。
老年残疾女性的情绪活力可降低后续发生新残疾和死亡的风险。我们的研究结果表明，正面情绪可以保护老年人免受不良健康后果的影响。
