[Occupational activity with risk of leptospirosis. Prevention and health surveillance].

The analysis of the epidemiological studies carried out in Italy give us the idea for a very precise survey of the occupational leptospirosis. We have identified the occupational hazards and the precautionary measures. In Italy the first epidemiological data about human leptospirosis goes back to 1917. During following decades were highlighted several occupational forms of leptospirosis, specifically seasonal epidemics among rice-workers. Epidemiological studies carried out in Italy from 1950 to 1990 showed that leptospirosis was again widespread although precautionary measures and there was a probable spread of the "minor leptospirosis" at the same time of common cases of "major leptospirosis". The latest data issued by Ministry of the Health related years '94-'97 confirm the persistence of leptospirosis, for the most part in the north. However there is a problem of underestimate because many times human leptospirosis show itself with minor clinical forms. In the working environment is essential the function of the Medico Competente. He must avail himself of the precautionary measures for the biological risk specified in D.lgs 626/94.