Mehli H, Skuterud L, Mosdøl A, Tønnessen A
Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Osterås.
Health Phys. 2000 Dec;79(6):682-90. doi: 10.1097/00004032-200012000-00014.
The reindeer-herding Southern Saamis, from Central Norway, were the population group exposed to the highest levels of radioactivity in Norway, following the Chernobyl accident. Radiocesium whole-body contents and dietary habits have been investigated regularly in this population group since 1987. Meat of semi-domesticated reindeer is important in their diet, and earlier studies have shown that contaminated reindeer meat contributes about 90% to the total intake of radiocesium. A major part of the group also consumes wild food products like game, freshwater fish, mushrooms, and berries. The application of countermeasures has been a common practice for the reindeer herders since the Chernobyl accident. According to the interviews in 1996, the three most commonly used and socially accepted countermeasures were (1) selection of reindeer for consumption after live monitoring of radiocesium concentrations; (2) selection of reindeer for consumption from less contaminated grazing areas; and (3) clean feeding of animals before slaughtering. Despite these countermeasures about one third of the population still have reduced reindeer meat intake because of the Chernobyl fallout. In 1996, the average whole body concentration of 137Cs for this population was found to be 88+/-7 Bq kg(-1) for women and 164+/-11 Bq kg(-1) for men(arithmetic mean +/- standard error). This is approximately half of the whole-body concentration of 137Cs measured in the same population in 1990-1991.
来自挪威中部、以放牧驯鹿为生的南萨米人是挪威在切尔诺贝利事故后受放射性污染程度最高的人群。自1987年以来，该人群的放射性铯全身含量和饮食习惯一直受到定期调查。半驯化驯鹿的肉在他们的饮食中很重要，早期研究表明，受污染的驯鹿肉约占放射性铯总摄入量的90%。该群体中的大部分人还食用野味、淡水鱼、蘑菇和浆果等野生食品。自切尔诺贝利事故以来，采取应对措施已成为驯鹿牧民的常见做法。根据1996年的访谈，三种最常用且被社会接受的应对措施是：（1）在对放射性铯浓度进行实时监测后挑选用于食用的驯鹿；（2）从污染较轻的放牧区挑选用于食用的驯鹿；（3）在宰杀前对动物进行清洁喂养。尽管采取了这些应对措施，仍有大约三分之一的人因切尔诺贝利核辐射沉降物而减少了驯鹿肉的摄入量。1996年，该人群中女性的137Cs全身平均浓度为88±7贝克勒尔/千克，男性为164±11贝克勒尔/千克（算术平均值±标准误差）。这大约是1990 - 1991年在同一人群中测得的137Cs全身浓度的一半。
