Meyer U A
Division of Pharmacology/Neurobiology, Biozentrum of the University of Basel, Switzerland.
Lancet. 2000 Nov 11;356(9242):1667-71. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03167-6.
Polymorphisms in the genes that code for drug-metabolising enzymes, drug transporters, drug receptors, and ion channels can affect an individual's risk of having an adverse drug reaction, or can alter the efficacy of drug treatment in that individual. Mutant alleles at a single gene locus are the best studied individual risk factors for adverse drug reactions, and include many genes coding for drug-metabolising enzymes. These genetic polymorphisms of drug metabolism produce the phenotypes of "poor metabolisers" or "ultrarapid metabolisers" of numerous drugs. Together, such phenotypes make up a substantial proportion of the population. Pharmacogenomic techniques allow efficient analysis of these risk factors, and genotyping tests have the potential to optimise drug therapy in the future.
编码药物代谢酶、药物转运体、药物受体和离子通道的基因多态性，可影响个体发生药物不良反应的风险，或改变该个体药物治疗的疗效。单个基因位点的突变等位基因是目前研究最为充分的药物不良反应个体风险因素，其中包括许多编码药物代谢酶的基因。这些药物代谢的基因多态性产生了众多药物的“慢代谢者”或“超快代谢者”表型。这些表型共同构成了相当比例的人群。药物基因组学技术可有效分析这些风险因素，基因分型检测未来有可能优化药物治疗。
