Bender H, Pfläzel A, Saunders N, Czermak P, Catapano G, Vienken J
Biotechnologie Gesellschaft Mittelhessen mbH, Giessen, Germany.
Artif Organs. 2000 Oct;24(10):826-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1594.2000.06514.x.
As the quality of water in dialysis fluid varies considerably, dialysate is often contaminated by large amounts of bacteria and endotoxins. Membrane properties and operating pressures are acknowledged to give high-flux dialysis with bicarbonate the bacteriological potential to favor passage of endotoxin fragments from the dialysate into the blood stream. Therefore, a sterile dialysate will have to become a standard. Ultrafiltration across hydrophobic synthetic membranes was shown to remove endotoxins (and their fragments) from dialysis water by the combined effect of filtration and adsorption. However, each module can be used for a limited time only. Ceramic membranes may represent an alternative to polymeric membranes for endotoxin removal. In this article, we tested the capacity of different commercial ceramic membranes with nominal molecular weight cut-off down to 1,000 to retain endotoxins from Ps. aeruginosa. The tested membranes did not generally produce dialysate meeting the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation standard. When using aluminum-containing membranes, we detected aluminum leaking into the dialysate that could possibly be transported into the blood stream.
由于透析液的水质差异很大，透析液常常被大量细菌和内毒素污染。膜的特性和操作压力被认为会使采用碳酸氢盐的高通量透析在细菌学上具有促使内毒素片段从透析液进入血流的可能性。因此，无菌透析液将必须成为标准。通过过滤和吸附的联合作用，已表明跨疏水合成膜的超滤可从透析水中去除内毒素（及其片段）。然而，每个模块仅能使用有限的时间。陶瓷膜可能是用于去除内毒素的聚合物膜的一种替代物。在本文中，我们测试了截留分子量低至1000的不同商用陶瓷膜截留铜绿假单胞菌内毒素的能力。所测试的膜通常不能产生符合美国医疗仪器促进协会标准的透析液。当使用含铝膜时，我们检测到铝泄漏到透析液中，而铝可能会被转运到血流中。
