Gjerdingen D
Department of Family Practice and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, USA.
J Fam Pract. 2000 Nov;49(11):993-7.
We hoped to evaluate gender differences in prenatal workload and anticipated prenatal to postpartum changes in workload for a group of expectant parents.
We included a total of 149 couples who were living together, expecting their first child, and enrolled in prenatal classes presented by 2 metropolitan hospitals. The couples completed a prenatal survey containing information about demographic characteristics and prenatal work responsibilities and a worksheet listing the number of hours per week that each partner planned to devote to various household, child care, and employment responsibilities at 6 months postpartum.
Though both men and women anticipated large increases in workload from the prenatal to the postpartum period, women expected greater increases (85% vs 53%). As a result of their greater anticipated involvement in household work and child care, women planned to work 9 hours more per week than men after the arrival of the baby. These expectant parents tended to occupy somewhat traditional gender work roles, with women contributing more time to cooking, cleaning, laundry, and shopping, and men devoting more time to lawn care, snow removal, household repairs, and employment. Men appeared to be more satisfied than women with their partner's contribution to household work (mean=6.0 and 5.4; P=.000). Partners' perceptions of how they shared household work were congruent, with 90% of the couples' summed congruency scores in the range within 1 point of a perfect match.
Expectant parents in this study anticipated large increases in workload after childbirth. The projected work increases were greater for women than for men. It is interesting to note that these gender differences are anticipated even when couples were given an opportunity to systematically plan their postpartum work distribution together.
我们希望评估一组准父母在产前工作量以及产前到产后工作量预期变化方面的性别差异。
我们共纳入了149对同居、育有第一个孩子且参加了两家大城市医院举办的产前课程的夫妇。这些夫妇完成了一项产前调查，该调查包含人口统计学特征和产前工作职责信息，以及一份工作表，列出了每个伴侣计划在产后6个月每周投入到各种家务、育儿和工作责任上的小时数。
尽管男性和女性都预计从产前到产后工作量会大幅增加，但女性预计的增加幅度更大（85%对53%）。由于女性预计更多地参与家务和育儿，她们计划在孩子出生后每周比男性多工作9小时。这些准父母倾向于占据某种传统的性别工作角色，女性在烹饪、清洁、洗衣和购物上投入更多时间；男性则在草坪护理、除雪、家庭维修和工作上投入更多时间。男性似乎比女性对伴侣在家务方面的贡献更满意（平均分分别为6.0和5.4；P = .000）伴侣对他们如何分担家务的看法是一致的, 90% 的夫妇的总一致性得分在完美匹配的1分范围内。
本研究中的准父母预计产后工作量会大幅增加。预计女性工作量的增加幅度大于男性。有趣的是, 即使给予夫妇一起系统规划产后工作分配的机会, 这些性别差异仍然存在。
