Padilla G V, Grant M, Wong H, Hansen B W, Hanson R L, Bergstrom N, Kubo W R
JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1979 Mar-Apr;3(2):53-7. doi: 10.1177/014860717900300204.
Health care professionals assume that tube feeding is an unpleasant, distressing experience for patients, which is only partially substantiated by experience. Thirty patients were interviewed via a tube feeding and hospital experience checklist (a 47-item interview schedule). Common experiences were operationally defined as those felt by at least 50%; subjectively distressful experiences were those identified by patients as causing distress. The most common and most distressful experiences of nasogastric tube feeding were: sensory irritations and sensory deprivation. The psychosensory irritation experiences were: thirst, sore nose or throat, dry mouth, runny nose, a tube in the nose, taking food through a tube, breathing through the mouth, breathing with a tube in the nose, taking food in a treatment type container, and taking food with a different texture and smell than usual. The psychosensory deprivation experiences were: an unsatisfied appetite for certain foods, deprivation of tasting, chewing, swallowing food, and drinking liquids, limited mobility, and deprivation of regular food. Except for burping, gastrointestinal symptoms were not common though they were usually distressful. This information has been used to develop teaching programs which are being tested for effectiveness in reducing distress associated with nasogastric tube feeding.
医护人员认为管饲对患者来说是一种不愉快、令人痛苦的经历，而经验仅部分证实了这一点。通过管饲和住院经历清单（一份包含47个项目的访谈提纲）对30名患者进行了访谈。常见经历在操作上被定义为至少50%的患者所感受到的经历；主观痛苦经历是指患者认为会造成痛苦的经历。鼻胃管饲最常见和最痛苦的经历是：感觉刺激和感觉剥夺。心理感觉刺激经历包括：口渴、鼻子或喉咙疼痛、口干、流鼻涕、鼻子里插着管子、通过管子进食、用嘴呼吸、鼻子里插着管子呼吸、在治疗型容器中进食，以及食用质地和气味与平常不同的食物。心理感觉剥夺经历包括：对某些食物的食欲未得到满足、味觉、咀嚼、吞咽食物和饮用液体的剥夺、活动受限，以及常规食物的剥夺。除了打嗝外，胃肠道症状并不常见，不过通常会令人痛苦。这些信息已被用于制定教学计划，目前正在对这些计划在减轻与鼻胃管饲相关的痛苦方面的有效性进行测试。
