Vermeulen R, Wegh H, Bos R P, Kromhout H
Environmental and Occupational Health Group, Institute of Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2000 Nov;9(11):1205-9.
Lifestyle factors such as smoking have been shown to influence urinary mutagenicity. Therefore, these factors have to be considered carefully when evaluating occupational genotoxic exposures. We investigated day-to-day variability in active and passive tobacco smoke exposure by studying urinary cotinine levels and determined their influence on observed urinary mutagenicity. Urinary cotinine was assessed for 105 subjects employed in the rubber manufacturing industry in the Netherlands on Sunday, Wednesday, and Thursday. Urinary mutagenicity was measured by the Salmonella typhimurium strain YG1041 with metabolic activation for the Sunday urine sample and a pooled weekday urine sample. A sharp decrease in urinary cotinine concentration was observed during the week compared to Sunday for smokers (39%; P < 0.01) and nonsmokers (23%). Different smoking habits on Sunday resulted in higher regression coefficients for categorical proxies for smoking habits and urinary mutagenicity levels. However, regression coefficients for urinary cotinine and urinary mutagenicity were similar for the Sunday and weekday urine samples (beta = 0.29 and beta = 0.28, respectively). Consequently, these estimates were used to adjust urinary mutagenicity for tobacco smoke intake. Cotinine-adjusted urinary mutagenicity levels were comparable between smokers and nonsmokers, and a similar increase in urinary mutagenicity of 39% and 34%, respectively, was observed for both smokers and nonsmokers due to occupational genotoxic exposures or other changes in lifestyle factors. These results indicate that the introduction of nonsmoking policies in the workplace has reduced exposure to mainstream and environmental tobacco smoke, resulting in a temporal variation in lifestyle-related mutagenicity. Therefore, adequate adjustment for daily tobacco smoke exposure is a necessity when using the urinary mutagenicity assay to evaluate possible genotoxic exposures in the workplace.
吸烟等生活方式因素已被证明会影响尿液致突变性。因此，在评估职业性遗传毒性暴露时，必须仔细考虑这些因素。我们通过研究尿中可替宁水平，调查了主动和被动吸烟暴露的日常变异性，并确定了它们对观察到的尿液致突变性的影响。对荷兰橡胶制造业的105名员工在周日、周三和周四的尿中可替宁进行了评估。通过鼠伤寒沙门氏菌菌株YG1041对周日尿液样本和工作日合并尿液样本进行代谢活化来测量尿液致突变性。与周日相比，吸烟者（39%；P<0.01）和不吸烟者（23%）在一周内尿中可替宁浓度急剧下降。周日不同的吸烟习惯导致吸烟习惯分类指标与尿液致突变性水平的回归系数更高。然而，周日和工作日尿液样本的尿中可替宁与尿液致突变性的回归系数相似（β分别为0.29和0.28）。因此，这些估计值用于调整烟草烟雾摄入量导致的尿液致突变性。吸烟者和不吸烟者经可替宁调整后的尿液致突变性水平相当，吸烟者和不吸烟者因职业性遗传毒性暴露或生活方式因素的其他变化，尿液致突变性分别有类似的39%和34%的增加。这些结果表明，工作场所实施无烟政策减少了对主流和环境烟草烟雾的暴露，导致与生活方式相关的致突变性出现时间变化。因此，在使用尿液致突变性检测评估工作场所可能的遗传毒性暴露时，有必要对每日烟草烟雾暴露进行充分调整。
