Freeman S, Shabi E, Katan T
Department of Plant Pathology, ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000 Dec;66(12):5267-72. doi: 10.1128/AEM.66.12.5267-5272.2000.
Anthracnose, or leaf-curl disease of anemone, caused by Colletotrichum sp., has been reported to occur in Australia, western Europe, and Japan. Symptoms include tissue necrosis, corm rot, leaf crinkles, and characteristic spiral twisting of floral peduncles. Three epidemics of the disease have been recorded in Israel: in 1978, in 1990 to 1993, and in 1996 to 1998. We characterized 92 Colletotrichum isolates associated with anthracnose of anemone (Anemone coronaria L.) for vegetative compatibility (72 isolates) and for molecular genotype (92 isolates) and virulence (4 isolates). Eighty-six of the isolates represented the three epidemics in Israel, one isolate was from Australia, and five isolates originated from western Europe. We divided these isolates into three vegetative-compatibility groups (VCGs). One VCG (ANE-A) included all 10 isolates from the first and second epidemics, and 13 of 62 examined isolates from the third epidemic in Israel, along with the isolate from Australia and 4 of 5 isolates from Europe. Another VCG (ANE-F) included most of the examined isolates (49 of the 62) from the third epidemic, as well as Colletotrichum acutatum from strawberry, in Israel. Based on PCR amplification with species-specific primers, all of the anemone isolates were identified as C. acutatum. Anemone and strawberry isolates of the two VCGs were genotypically similar and indistinguishable when compared by arbitrarily primed PCR of genomic DNA. Only isolate NL-12 from The Netherlands, confirmed as C. acutatum but not compatible with either VCG, had a distinct genotype; this isolate represents a third VCG of C. acutatum. Isolates from anemone and strawberry could infect both plant species in artificial inoculations. VCG ANE-F was recovered from natural infections of both anemone and strawberry, but VCG ANE-A was recovered only from anemone. This study of C. acutatum from anemone illustrates the potential of VCG analysis to reveal distinct subspecific groups within a pathogen population which appears to be genotypically homogeneous by molecular assays.
炭疽病，即银莲花叶卷曲病，由炭疽菌属（Colletotrichum sp.）引起，据报道在澳大利亚、西欧和日本均有发生。症状包括组织坏死、球茎腐烂、叶片皱缩以及花柄特有的螺旋扭曲。以色列已记录到该病的三次流行：1978年、1990年至1993年以及1996年至1998年。我们对92株与银莲花（冠状银莲花，Anemone coronaria L.）炭疽病相关的炭疽菌分离株进行了营养体亲和性（72株分离株）、分子基因型（92株分离株）和毒力（4株分离株）的鉴定。其中86株分离株代表了以色列的三次流行，1株分离株来自澳大利亚，5株分离株源自西欧。我们将这些分离株分为三个营养体亲和群（VCGs）。一个VCG（ANE - A）包括来自第一次和第二次流行的所有10株分离株，以及以色列第三次流行中62株检测分离株中的13株，还有来自澳大利亚的分离株以及5株欧洲分离株中的4株。另一个VCG（ANE - F）包括第三次流行中大部分检测分离株（62株中的49株），以及以色列草莓上的尖孢炭疽菌（Colletotrichum acutatum）。基于用种特异性引物进行的PCR扩增，所有银莲花分离株均被鉴定为尖孢炭疽菌。通过对基因组DNA进行随机引物PCR比较，两个VCG的银莲花和草莓分离株在基因型上相似且无法区分。只有来自荷兰的NL - 12分离株，经确认为尖孢炭疽菌但与任何一个VCG均不亲和，具有独特的基因型；该分离株代表了尖孢炭疽菌的第三个VCG。在人工接种中，银莲花和草莓的分离株均可感染这两种植物。VCG ANE - F可从银莲花和草莓的自然感染中分离得到，但VCG ANE - A仅从银莲花中分离得到。这项对银莲花尖孢炭疽菌的研究表明，营养体亲和性分析有潜力揭示病原菌群体中不同的亚特异性组，而通过分子检测该病原菌群体在基因型上似乎是同质的。
