Klionsky D J, Emr S D
Department of Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA.
Science. 2000 Dec 1;290(5497):1717-21. doi: 10.1126/science.290.5497.1717.
Macroautophagy is a dynamic process involving the rearrangement of subcellular membranes to sequester cytoplasm and organelles for delivery to the lysosome or vacuole where the sequestered cargo is degraded and recycled. This process takes place in all eukaryotic cells. It is highly regulated through the action of various kinases, phosphatases, and guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases). The core protein machinery that is necessary to drive formation and consumption of intermediates in the macroautophagy pathway includes a ubiquitin-like protein conjugation system and a protein complex that directs membrane docking and fusion at the lysosome or vacuole. Macroautophagy plays an important role in developmental processes, human disease, and cellular response to nutrient deprivation.
巨自噬是一个动态过程，涉及亚细胞膜的重排，以隔离细胞质和细胞器，然后将其输送到溶酶体或液泡，在那里被隔离的物质被降解并循环利用。这个过程发生在所有真核细胞中。它通过各种激酶、磷酸酶和鸟苷三磷酸酶（GTP酶）的作用受到高度调控。驱动巨自噬途径中中间体形成和消耗所必需的核心蛋白质机制包括一个泛素样蛋白质缀合系统和一个指导膜在溶酶体或液泡处对接和融合的蛋白质复合物。巨自噬在发育过程、人类疾病以及细胞对营养剥夺的反应中起着重要作用。
