Gilat T, Konikoff F
Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
Can J Gastroenterol. 2000 Nov;14 Suppl D:55D-59D. doi: 10.1155/2000/932147.
Pregnancy induces many physiological changes, some of which may have pathological results. In population studies, gallstones were found in 6.5% to 8.4% of nulliparous women, and in 18.4% to 19.3% of women with two to three or more pregnancies. In women followed throughout pregnancy, neoformation of gallstones was documented in 3% to 8.1% depending on the population. Some 20% to 30% of these gallstones redissolve postpartum. The frequency of biliary colic during pregnancy is controversial, and the recommended therapeutic approach during pregnancy is conservative. When essential, invasive procedures are relatively well tolerated, preferably during the second trimester. Biliary sludge disappears postpartum in the great majority. Gallstones and sludge are most likely caused by biliary stasis, prolonged intestinal transit and increased cholesterol saturation of bile, which were all demonstrated to occur during pregnancy.
怀孕会引发许多生理变化，其中一些可能会产生病理结果。在人群研究中，未生育女性的胆结石发生率为6.5%至8.4%，而有两到三次或更多次怀孕经历的女性中，这一比例为18.4%至19.3%。在整个孕期接受跟踪的女性中，根据人群不同，胆结石新形成的比例为3%至8.1%。这些胆结石中约20%至30%在产后会溶解。孕期胆绞痛的发生率存在争议，孕期推荐的治疗方法是保守治疗。必要时，侵入性操作的耐受性相对较好，最好在孕中期进行。绝大多数情况下，产后胆泥会消失。胆结石和胆泥很可能是由胆汁淤积、肠道运输时间延长以及胆汁胆固醇饱和度增加引起的，这些情况在孕期均已得到证实。
