Ntambi J M, Young-Cheul K
Departments of Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
J Nutr. 2000 Dec;130(12):3122S-3126S. doi: 10.1093/jn/130.12.3122S.
The major function of adipocytes is to store triacylglycerol in periods of energy excess and to mobilize this energy during times of deprivation. The short-term control of these lipogenic and lipolytic processes is carefully modulated by hormonal signals from the bloodstream, which provide an inventory of the body's metabolic state. Long-term changes in fat storage needs are accomplished by altering both the size and number of fat cells within the body because terminally differentiated adipocytes cannot divide. Alterations in the number of fat cells within the body must be accomplished by the differentiation of preadipocytes, which act as the renewable source of adipocytes. Our understanding of the events that occur during preadipocyte differentiation has advanced considerably in the last few years and has relied mainly on the use of tissue culture models of adipogenesis. This article will discuss the various models used for studying the preadipocyte differentiation process, with the mouse 3T3-L1 cell culture line described in detail. We focus on those genetic events that link effectors to induction of adipocyte gene expression.
脂肪细胞的主要功能是在能量过剩时期储存三酰甘油，并在能量缺乏时动员这些能量。这些生脂和脂解过程的短期控制受到来自血液的激素信号的精细调节，这些信号提供了身体代谢状态的信息。由于终末分化的脂肪细胞不能分裂，因此通过改变体内脂肪细胞的大小和数量来实现脂肪储存需求的长期变化。体内脂肪细胞数量的改变必须通过前脂肪细胞的分化来完成，前脂肪细胞是脂肪细胞的可再生来源。在过去几年中，我们对前脂肪细胞分化过程中发生的事件的理解有了很大进展，这主要依赖于脂肪生成的组织培养模型。本文将讨论用于研究前脂肪细胞分化过程的各种模型，并详细描述小鼠3T3-L1细胞系。我们关注那些将效应器与脂肪细胞基因表达诱导联系起来的遗传事件。
