Frackiewicz E J, Cutler N R
California Clinical Trials, Beverly Hills, USA.
J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 2000 Nov-Dec;40(6):800-11. doi: 10.1016/s1086-5802(16)31127-5.
To review the perimenopause, its associated symptoms, and current management options.
Published articles identified through MEDLINE (1966-2000) using the search terms perimenopause and treatment. Additional articles and books were identified from the bibliographies of the retrieved articles.
The perimenopause is the transition period from normal ovulatory cycles to menopause. It is associated with erratic fluctuations in reproductive hormone levels, often leading to irregular menstrual cycles, vasomotor symptoms, changes in mood or cognition, and sexual dysfunction. The perimenopause is an ideal time to evaluate a woman's health risks for such common chronic midlife conditions as heart disease, osteoporosis, and some cancers, and to initiate appropriate preventive health measures. Low-dose oral contraceptives and other hormonal therapies are often effective in managing perimenopausal symptoms.
The transition to menopause is an important time in the female life span that is associated with varied physical and psychological symptoms. Pharmacists should be prepared to provide education about the perimenopause and counsel women on the benefits and risks of various pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments that can ease their passage through this often difficult transition. Pharmacists also are well-positioned to educate and encourage perimenopausal women to initiate lifestyle changes that can enhance their health for the rest of their lives.
综述围绝经期、其相关症状及当前的管理方案。
通过MEDLINE（1966 - 2000年）检索到的已发表文章，检索词为围绝经期和治疗。从检索到的文章的参考文献中确定了其他文章和书籍。
围绝经期是从正常排卵周期到绝经的过渡期。它与生殖激素水平的不稳定波动相关，常导致月经周期不规律、血管舒缩症状、情绪或认知变化以及性功能障碍。围绝经期是评估女性患心脏病、骨质疏松症和某些癌症等常见慢性中年疾病健康风险并启动适当预防性健康措施的理想时机。低剂量口服避孕药和其他激素疗法通常对管理围绝经期症状有效。
向绝经的过渡是女性生命历程中的一个重要时期，与各种身体和心理症状相关。药剂师应准备好提供有关围绝经期的教育，并就各种药物和非药物治疗的益处和风险为女性提供咨询，这些治疗可帮助她们顺利度过这个通常较为艰难的过渡期。药剂师也处于有利位置，可教育并鼓励围绝经期女性开始进行生活方式的改变，从而在余生中增进健康。
