Nörenberg W, Illes P
Rudolf-Boehm-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Facultät der Universität Leipzig, Germany.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2000 Nov;362(4-5):324-39. doi: 10.1007/s002100000311.
ATP is a co-transmitter in the central and peripheral nervous system. Extracellular ATP exerts its effects via ionotropic (P2X), as well as metabotropic receptors (P2Y). P2X receptors are involved in fast excitatory synaptic signalling by ATP, whereas the role of P2Y receptors in synaptic transmission is unclear. Seven different mammalian P2X receptor subunits (P2X1-7) have been cloned to date. This article gives an overview about the distribution of these P2X receptor subunits in the nervous system. A comparison is made between the pharmacological properties of recombinant receptors and natively occurring neuronal P2X receptors by means of electrophysiological methods. The subcellular distribution of, developmental influences on, and interspecies differences between P2X receptors are also considered. It is concluded that the properties of native P2X receptors are best explained by a heteromeric assembly of different P2X receptor subunits.
三磷酸腺苷（ATP）是中枢和外周神经系统中的一种共递质。细胞外ATP通过离子型（P2X）以及代谢型受体（P2Y）发挥其作用。P2X受体参与ATP介导的快速兴奋性突触信号传递，而P2Y受体在突触传递中的作用尚不清楚。迄今为止，已克隆出七种不同的哺乳动物P2X受体亚基（P2X1 - 7）。本文概述了这些P2X受体亚基在神经系统中的分布情况。通过电生理方法对重组受体和天然存在的神经元P2X受体的药理学特性进行了比较。还考虑了P2X受体的亚细胞分布、发育影响以及种间差异。得出的结论是，天然P2X受体的特性最好用不同P2X受体亚基的异聚体组装来解释。
