Quan V M, Chung A, Long H T, Dondero T J
National AIDS Committee of Vietnam, Hanoi.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2000 Dec 1;25(4):360-9. doi: 10.1097/00042560-200012010-00011.
To describe epidemiologic patterns and trends in HIV infection in Vietnam from 1996 through 1999, and to summarize the national response to the epidemic.
We reviewed nationwide HIV case reports, and we analyzed annual seroprevalence among different sentinel populations in 21 provinces, using the chi2 test for linear trend to assess trends in HIV prevalence. HIV prevention efforts were also reviewed.
Through 1999, 17,046 HIV infections, including 2947 AIDS cases and 1523 deaths had been reported in Vietnam. The cumulative incidence rate for the country was 22.5 per 100,000 population. Injection drug users (IDUs) represented 89.0% of all those for whom risk was reported before 1997 and 88.0% in the period 1997 to 1999. In 1999, HIV prevalence rates among IDUs ranged by province from 0% to 89.4%. Significantly increasing HIV trends among IDUs (p <.05) were found in 14 of the 21 sentinel provinces during 1996 to 1999. HIV prevalence among commercial sex workers (CSWs) ranged from 0% to 13.2%, increased significantly in 6 of 21 provinces. In 1999, prevalence among pregnant women, blood donors, and military recruits were 0.12%, 0. 20% and 0.61%, respectively. Major prevention activities include mass information; peer education and outreach among groups at increased risk; availability of low-cost syringes and condoms through pharmacies; needle exchange pilot projects; widely available treatment for sexually transmitted diseases; antibody screening of blood for transfusion; and free medical treatment at government hospitals.
The HIV epidemic continues to evolve rapidly, intensifying among IDUs and increasing among CSWs. Serosurveillance indicators of HIV in the population at large continue to indicate the relatively slow extension beyond those at highest risk. Immediate, intensive preventions in high-risk groups may decelerate expansion to the broader population.
描述1996年至1999年越南艾滋病毒感染的流行病学模式和趋势，并总结该国对该流行病的应对措施。
我们审查了全国范围的艾滋病毒病例报告，并使用线性趋势的卡方检验分析了21个省份不同哨点人群的年度血清流行率，以评估艾滋病毒流行趋势。我们还审查了艾滋病毒预防工作。
截至1999年，越南共报告了17046例艾滋病毒感染病例，其中包括2947例艾滋病病例和1523例死亡病例。该国的累计发病率为每10万人22.5例。注射吸毒者在1997年之前报告的所有有风险人群中占89.0%，在1997年至1999年期间占88.0%。1999年，各省注射吸毒者中的艾滋病毒流行率从0%到89.4%不等。在1996年至1999年期间，21个哨点省份中有14个发现注射吸毒者中的艾滋病毒呈显著上升趋势（p<.05）。商业性工作者中的艾滋病毒流行率从0%到13.2%不等，21个省份中有6个省份显著上升。1999年，孕妇、献血者和新兵中的流行率分别为0.12%、0.20%和0.61%。主要预防活动包括大规模宣传；对高危人群进行同伴教育和外展服务；通过药店提供低成本注射器和避孕套；针头交换试点项目；广泛提供性传播疾病治疗；对输血用血液进行抗体筛查；以及在政府医院提供免费医疗。
艾滋病毒疫情继续迅速演变，在注射吸毒者中加剧，在商业性工作者中增加。普通人群中艾滋病毒的血清监测指标继续表明，其传播速度相对较慢，尚未超出高危人群。对高危人群立即进行强化预防可能会减缓向更广泛人群的传播。
