Choi H K, Finkbeiner W E, Widdicombe J H
Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, California 94609, USA.
J Anat. 2000 Oct;197 Pt 3(Pt 3):361-72. doi: 10.1046/j.1469-7580.2000.19730361.x.
We have compared the distribution, numbers and volume of mucous glands in the tracheas of 11 mammalian species. No glands were present in the rabbit. The mouse only contained glands at the border between the trachea and larynx. In the rat, glands were commonest in the cephalad third of the trachea, but on average were much scarcer than in the larger species. Between species, there was a significant correlation between airway diameter and gland volume per unit surface area, suggesting that the rate of deposition of inhaled particles may increase in large airways. In the ventral portion of the trachea of about half the species, the glands were concentrated between the cartilaginous rings; in others they were evenly distributed over and between the rings. In most species in which the trachealis muscle attached to the internal surface of the cartilaginous rings, the glands were external to the muscle. In all species in which the muscle attached to the external surface of the cartilaginous rings, the glands were internal to the muscle. In the ox, goat, dog and sheep, the volume of glands per unit tracheal surface area was markedly greater in the ventral than the dorsal aspect of the trachea. The reverse was true of the pig. In humans, gland density in the 2 regions was similar. The frequency of gland openings was determined in the ox, goat, pig, dog and sheep tracheas, and ranged from 0.3 per mm2 in the dorsal portion of the sheep trachea to 1.5 per mm2 in the ventral portion of the ox trachea. For these 5 species, the volume of gland acini per unit luminal surface area varied linearly with the numbers of gland openings, with the volume of individual glands being constant at approximately 120 nl.
我们比较了11种哺乳动物气管中黏液腺的分布、数量和体积。兔子没有腺体。小鼠仅在气管与喉部的交界处有腺体。在大鼠中，腺体在气管头端三分之一处最为常见，但平均而言比大型物种稀少得多。在不同物种之间，气道直径与单位表面积的腺体体积之间存在显著相关性，这表明在大气道中吸入颗粒的沉积速率可能会增加。在约一半物种的气管腹侧部分，腺体集中在软骨环之间；在其他物种中，它们均匀分布在软骨环上和环之间。在大多数气管肌附着于软骨环内表面的物种中，腺体位于肌肉外部。在所有气管肌附着于软骨环外表面的物种中，腺体位于肌肉内部。在牛、山羊、狗和绵羊中，气管单位表面积的腺体体积在腹侧明显大于背侧。猪则相反。在人类中，这两个区域的腺体密度相似。我们测定了牛、山羊、猪、狗和绵羊气管中腺体开口的频率，范围从绵羊气管背侧部分的每平方毫米0.3个到牛气管腹侧部分的每平方毫米1.5个。对于这5个物种，单位管腔表面积的腺泡体积与腺体开口数量呈线性变化，单个腺体的体积约为120 nl，保持恒定。
