Spicer S S, Setser M E, Mochizuki I, Simson J A
Anat Rec. 1982 Jan;202(1):33-43. doi: 10.1002/ar.1092020106.
The structure of rat respiratory glands has been investigated by light and electron microscopy. The glands exhibited a tubulo-acinar organization. Individual secretory units were composed of serous tubules or serous demilunes and mucous tubules with narrow lumens at the blind end (proximally), and of mucous ducts with wide lumens which opened to the tracheal lumen distally. Near the junction of the duct with the trachea, mitochondria-rich cells and a few ciliated cells were interspersed with mucous cells. It was found that the histology as well as the ultrastructure of the secretory product of these gland cells varied depending upon the location of the glands in the airway. For this reason, the glands of the epiglottis, larynx and trachea have been described separately. Epiglottal glands consisted of many mucous tubules, a few serous elements and an occasional mucous duct. Laryngeal glands contalned many serous and mucous tubules and a few mucous ducts. Tracheal glands were composed of serous tubules, a few mucous tubules and prominent bucous ducts. Serous tubule cell granules formed a uniform population within a cell profile but varied in cells of the epiglottis, compared with those of the larynx and trachea. Granules in mucous tubule cells differed from those of serous cells. Mucous cell granules also appeared uniform within a single cell but differed from cell to cell and at different levels of the respiratory tract. A particular granule type was predominant at each level. Cells of mucous ducts differed somewhat from those of mucous tubules and comprised two general secretory cell populations. Proximal mucous duct cells contained abundant granules that generally resembled those of mucous tubule cells but were localized in two areas of the cytoplasm. Dilated cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum with a bizonal content similar in density of zones seen in mature granules further characterized proximal mucous duct cells. The distal mucous duct cell generally contained sparse apical granules and lacked dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum.
通过光学显微镜和电子显微镜对大鼠呼吸腺的结构进行了研究。这些腺体呈现出管泡状结构。单个分泌单位由浆液性小管或浆液半月体以及盲端（近端）管腔狭窄的黏液性小管组成，还有远端通向气管腔、管腔宽阔的黏液性导管。在导管与气管的交界处附近，富含线粒体的细胞和一些纤毛细胞散布于黏液细胞之间。研究发现，这些腺细胞分泌产物的组织学和超微结构因腺体在气道中的位置而异。因此，会厌、喉和气管的腺体已分别进行描述。会厌腺由许多黏液性小管、少量浆液性成分和偶尔出现的黏液性导管组成。喉腺包含许多浆液性和黏液性小管以及少量黏液性导管。气管腺由浆液性小管、少量黏液性小管和明显的黏液性导管组成。浆液性小管细胞的颗粒在单个细胞形态内呈现均匀分布，但与会厌的细胞相比，喉和气管的细胞中的颗粒有所不同。黏液性小管细胞中的颗粒与浆液性细胞中的颗粒不同。黏液细胞的颗粒在单个细胞内也显得均匀，但细胞之间以及呼吸道不同水平处的颗粒存在差异。在每个水平上都有一种特定类型的颗粒占主导。黏液性导管的细胞与黏液性小管的细胞有所不同，包括两种一般的分泌细胞群体。近端黏液性导管细胞含有丰富的颗粒，这些颗粒通常类似于黏液性小管细胞中的颗粒，但定位于细胞质的两个区域。粗面内质网扩张的潴泡内含有密度与成熟颗粒中所见区域相似的双区内容物，这进一步表征了近端黏液性导管细胞。远端黏液性导管细胞通常含有稀疏的顶端颗粒，并且没有扩张的粗面内质网。
