Koch W M
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287-0910, USA.
Curr Oncol Rep. 1999;1(2):129-37. doi: 10.1007/s11912-999-0023-5.
The term biomarker refers to a host of biologic factors found within a tumor or other clinical specimen that can be used to assess the tumor in some way. Biomarkers have many potential clinical applications. Before they are used in actual clinical settings, however, they must be carefully validated. The literature contains many reports of this ongoing work related to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Candidate biomarkers for this disease include the p53 gene and its protein; microsatellite regions throughout the genome; human papillomavirus; proteins involved in cellular proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and intracellular adhesion; epithelial growth factor receptor; and various measures of immune response to cancer. The best new evidence for the validity of each of these candidates is critiqued in this review.
生物标志物一词指的是在肿瘤或其他临床标本中发现的一系列生物学因素，这些因素可用于以某种方式评估肿瘤。生物标志物有许多潜在的临床应用。然而，在它们被用于实际临床环境之前，必须经过仔细验证。文献中有许多关于这项与头颈部鳞状细胞癌相关的正在进行的工作的报告。该疾病的候选生物标志物包括p53基因及其蛋白；整个基因组中的微卫星区域；人乳头瘤病毒；参与细胞增殖、凋亡、血管生成和细胞内黏附的蛋白质；上皮生长因子受体；以及对癌症免疫反应的各种指标。本综述对这些候选标志物中每一个有效性的最新最佳证据进行了评判。
