Ajayi FA, Lale NE
Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria
J Stored Prod Res. 2000 Jan 15;37(1):47-62. doi: 10.1016/s0022-474x(00)00006-0.
Ten local cultivars of bambara groundnut, Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdcourt obtained directly from farmers in Potiskum, Nigeria and from the Institute for Agricultural Research, Samaru, Nigeria were compared with three improved varieties developed at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria for their susceptibility to infestation by Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). Three cultivars (Maifarinhaneh, Angale and Bunmonu) with a susceptibility index (SI) of 3.06-3.71 were identified as slightly susceptible to C. maculatus; four cultivars (Bagantere, Bakingangala, Ole and Bakiyawa 1) and one improved variety (TVSU 1061) with an SI of 4.39-4.93 as moderately susceptible; and three cultivars (Bidi, Uzu and Dadinkowa 1) and two improved varieties (TVSU 702 and TVSU 751) with an SI of 5.00-5.34 as susceptible. Five of the cultivars were used to examine the ability of beetle populations to overcome varietal resistance over six successive generations. Development time was significantly longer but percentage of adults that emerged and susceptibility of bambara groundnuts were significantly lower in F(4), F(5) or F(6) generations than in the F(1) or F(2) generation. The efficacy of combining insecticidal essential oils obtained from clove, Syzgium aromaticum, West African black pepper (WABP), Piper guineense, and ginger, Zingiber officinale applied at the rate of 2 mg/20 g seed and six of the local bambara groundnut cultivars (Angale, Maifarinhaneh, Bakingangala, Bagantere, Bunmonu and Bidi) with differing susceptibilities to C. maculatus (F.) was also assessed during a 3-month storage period. The three essential oils significantly reduced the percentage of C. maculatus adults that emerged from the bambara groundnut cultivars in the F(1) generation and the number of adult offspring that developed in the cultivars during the 3-month storage period. The mean number of progeny that developed in untreated seeds and seeds treated with clove, WABP and ginger oils during the study period were 73.0, 0.0, 0.1 and 0.2, respectively. No adult C. maculatus, however, developed in slightly and moderately susceptible cultivars treated with essential oils. Treatment of seeds of Bidi (a susceptible cultivar) with the essential oils reduced the percentage of adults that emerged in the F(1) generation from 26.8% in untreated seeds to 0.0, 0.1 and 0.4% in seeds treated with clove, WABP and ginger oils, respectively; and reduced loss in seed weight after three months' storage from 34% to 0.0, 0.01 and 0.1%, respectively.
对直接从尼日利亚波蒂斯库姆的农民以及尼日利亚萨马鲁农业研究所获得的10个本地豇豆品种（Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdcourt），与在尼日利亚伊巴丹国际热带农业研究所培育的3个改良品种，进行了黄斑豆象（Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)）侵染敏感性的比较。鉴定出3个品种（Maifarinhaneh、Angale和Bunmonu）的感虫指数（SI）为3.06 - 3.71，对黄斑豆象为轻度敏感；4个品种（Bagantere、Bakingangala、Ole和Bakiyawa 1）以及1个改良品种（TVSU 1061）的SI为4.39 - 4.93，为中度敏感；3个品种（Bidi、Uzu和Dadinkowa 1）以及2个改良品种（TVSU 702和TVSU 751）的SI为5.00 - 5.34，为敏感。选取5个品种研究豆象种群在连续6代中克服品种抗性的能力。与F(1)或F(2)代相比，F(4)、F(5)或F(6)代的发育时间显著更长，但成虫羽化率和豇豆的感虫性显著更低。还评估了以2毫克/20克种子的用量施用从丁香（Syzgium aromaticum）、西非黑胡椒（WABP，Piper guineense）和姜（Zingiber officinale）中提取的杀虫精油，对6个对黄斑豆象（F.）敏感性不同的本地豇豆品种（Angale、Maifarinhaneh、Bakingangala、Bagantere、Bunmonu和Bidi）在3个月储存期内的效果。这三种精油显著降低了F(1)代从豇豆品种中羽化的黄斑豆象成虫的百分比，以及在3个月储存期内在这些品种中发育的成虫后代数量。在研究期间，未处理种子以及用丁香、WABP和姜油处理的种子中发育的后代平均数量分别为73.0、0.0、0.1和0.2。然而，在经精油处理的轻度和中度敏感品种中未发育出黄斑豆象成虫。用精油处理敏感品种Bidi的种子，使F(1)代成虫羽化百分比从未处理种子的26.8%分别降至用丁香、WABP和姜油处理种子后的0.0%、0.1%和0.4%；并使三个月储存后的种子重量损失分别从34%降至0.0%、0.01%和0.1%。
