Gworgwor Nuhu A
Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maiduguri P.M.B. 1069, Maiduguri, Borno state, Nigeria.
Meded Rijksuniv Gent Fak Landbouwkd Toegep Biol Wet. 2002;67(3):421-30.
Two different field trials (one trial on sorghum intercropped with groundnut [Arachis hypogaea L.], and another trial on sorghum intercropped with bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea L. Verdc.]) were conducted during the 1995 and 1996 rainy seasons at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri (11 degrees 51' N; 13 degrees 15' E) to evaluate the effect of intercropping resistant and susceptible sorghum varieties with the two legume crops for the control of Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth, in sorghum. The sorghum varieties used for both trials were ICSV 1002, ICSV 1007 (resistant varieties) and War-warabashi (susceptible). Ex-Dakar variety of groundnut was used for the sorghum-groundnut trial, while a creamed brown eyed local bambara groundnut was used for the sorghum-bambara groundnut trial. There were six treatments with the groundnut trial and nine treatments with the bambara trial and all were laid out in a randomised complete block design (RCBD) replicated four times. In the sorghum-groundnut trial, the results show that the intercropping of sorghum with groundnut significantly reduced Striga infestation up to 50% in sorghum in both years. Both resistant varieties supported significantly fewer number of Striga on sorghum when intercropped with groundnut compared with the sole sown susceptible variety. In both years and the combined analyses of 1995 and 1996 data, however, there was no significant difference in grain yield of sorghum due to the treatments. In the sorghum-bambara groundnut trial, the results show that Striga shoot count at harvest in sole sown ICSV 1007 was significantly lower than the ICSV 1002 variety, while the susceptible variety supported significantly higher Striga shoot count than the resistant varieties in both years and the combined analyses. Alternating stands of sorghum and bambara groundnut within the same row, in general, reduced Striga shoot count in all the varieties with a range of 56%-91% reduction than intercropping with sorghum varieties in alternate rows with bambara groundnut with a range of 45%-96% reduction, or sole sorghum of each variety. This resulted in significantly higher grain yield of ICSV 1002 (1175.0 kg ha-1 in 1995, 814.8 kg ha-1 in 1996, and 994.9 kg ha-1 in the combined data) than ICSV 1007 (892.6 kg ha-1 in 1995, 666.7 kg ha-1 in 1996, and 779.6 kg ha-1 in the combined data) when both were planted in alternate stands in the same row with bambara groundnut. This studies have confirmed the potentials of groundnut and bambara groundnut as trap crops in the management of S. hermonthica in sorghum under a dried environment.
1995年和1996年雨季期间，在迈杜古里大学农学院作物科学系教学与研究农场（北纬11度51分；东经13度15分）进行了两项不同的田间试验（一项是高粱与花生[Arachis hypogaea L.]间作试验，另一项是高粱与 bambara 花生[Vigna subterranea L. Verdc.]间作试验），以评估将抗性和感病高粱品种与这两种豆科作物间作对高粱田中东非高粱寄生草（Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth）的防治效果。两项试验中使用的高粱品种均为ICSV 1002、ICSV 1007（抗性品种）和War-warabashi（感病品种）。花生试验采用达喀尔品种的花生，而高粱-bambara花生试验则使用一种奶油色褐眼的当地bambara花生。花生试验有6个处理，bambara花生试验有9个处理，所有处理均采用随机完全区组设计（RCBD），重复4次。在高粱-花生试验中，结果表明，高粱与花生间作在两年中均使高粱田中的寄生草侵染率显著降低了50%。与单播感病品种相比，两种抗性品种与花生间作时，高粱上寄生草的数量明显更少。然而，在两年以及对1995年和1996年数据的综合分析中，各处理间高粱的籽粒产量没有显著差异。在高粱-bambara花生试验中，结果表明，单播ICSV 1007收获时的寄生草苗数显著低于ICSV 1002品种，而在两年以及综合分析中，感病品种上的寄生草苗数均显著高于抗性品种。一般来说，同一行内高粱和bambara花生交替种植，与高粱品种和bambara花生交替行种植相比，所有品种的寄生草苗数减少幅度在56%-91%之间，后者减少幅度在45%-96%之间，或与各品种单播高粱相比，均能降低寄生草苗数。这导致ICSV 1002（1995年为1175.0 kg ha-1，1996年为814.8 kg ha-1，综合数据为994.9 kg ha-1）的籽粒产量显著高于ICSV 1007（1995年为892.6 kg ha-1，1996年为666.7 kg ha-1，综合数据为779.6 kg ha-1），当两者与bambara花生在同一行交替种植时。这些研究证实了花生和bambara花生作为诱集作物在干旱环境下管理高粱田中S. hermonthica的潜力。
