Ulbrich J, Raheja A, Alexander N B
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
J Am Geriatr Soc. 2000 Dec;48(12):1626-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2000.tb03874.x.
The purpose of this study was to describe how older adults, particularly more physically impaired older adults, might differ from healthy controls in the body positions used to rise from the floor.
Cross-sectional analysis of young, healthy older, and congregate housing older women.
University-based laboratory and congregate housing facility.
Healthy young university student controls (n = 22, mean age 23 years); healthy old adults living independently in the community (n = 24, mean age 73 years); and congregate housing older adults (n = 29, mean age 81 years).
Videotaping and timing of rising from a supine position on the floor to standing.
In addition to the time taken to rise from the floor, 10 specific trunk and extremity positions used during the rise, termed Intermediate Positions (IP), were identified.
The Young controls had the fastest rise time and used the fewest number of IP, whereas the Congregate residents had the slowest rise time and used the most IP, with the Healthy old adults intermediate in both time and IP use. Prevalence of certain IP, together with correlational and factor analyses, suggest that use of Sit and Crouch was the most preferred rise strategy for the Young controls, whereas use of Tuck, Crouch-Kneel, All Fours, and Bearwalk was the most preferred rise strategy among the Congregate residents. The Healthy old used IP common to both Young and Congregate residents, reflecting a rise strategy intermediate to the latter groups. A substantial subset of the Congregate residents (38%) were unable to rise without assistance and appeared to use certain preparatory positions (Sit, Kneel, Tuck) but were unable to get into presumably more challenging positions (Crouch-Kneel, All Fours, Bearwalk).
With increasing age and physical impairment, body positions used during rising from the floor suggest a preference for maintaining upper and lower extremity contact with the floor, presumably minimizing the lower extremity strength requirements to rise and maximizing stability and postural control. These intermediate body positions may be useful as the basis for training older adults to rise from the floor.
本研究旨在描述老年人，尤其是身体功能受损更严重的老年人，在从地面起身时所采用的身体姿势与健康对照组有何不同。
对年轻、健康的老年人以及群居房屋中的老年女性进行横断面分析。
大学实验室和群居房屋设施。
健康的年轻大学生对照组（n = 22，平均年龄23岁）；独立生活在社区中的健康老年人（n = 24，平均年龄73岁）；以及群居房屋中的老年人（n = 29，平均年龄81岁）。
拍摄从仰卧在地面起身至站立的过程并计时。
除了从地面起身所需的时间外，还确定了起身过程中使用的10种特定的躯干和四肢姿势，称为中间姿势（IP）。
年轻对照组起身时间最快，使用的IP数量最少，而群居房屋居民起身时间最慢，使用的IP最多，健康老年人在起身时间和IP使用方面处于中间水平。某些IP的发生率以及相关性和因子分析表明，对于年轻对照组，坐和蹲是最常用的起身策略，而对于群居房屋居民，蜷曲、蹲跪、四肢着地和熊爬是最常用的起身策略。健康老年人使用的IP在年轻对照组和群居房屋居民中都有，这反映了一种介于后两组之间的起身策略。相当一部分群居房屋居民（38%）在没有帮助的情况下无法起身，他们似乎使用了某些准备姿势（坐、跪、蜷曲），但无法进入可能更具挑战性的姿势（蹲跪、四肢着地、熊爬）。
随着年龄增长和身体功能受损，从地面起身时所采用的身体姿势表明倾向于保持上肢和下肢与地面接触，这可能会将起身所需的下肢力量需求降至最低，并最大限度地提高稳定性和姿势控制能力。这些中间身体姿势可作为训练老年人从地面起身的基础。
