Coon K A, Goldberg J, Rogers B L, Tucker K L
School of Nutrition, Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Pediatrics. 2001 Jan;107(1):E7. doi: 10.1542/peds.107.1.e7.
We examined relationships between the presence of television during meals and children's food consumption patterns to test whether children's overall food consumption patterns, including foods not normally advertised, vary systematically with the extent to which television is part of normal mealtime routines.
Ninety-one parent-child pairs from suburbs adjacent to Washington, DC, recruited via advertisements and word of mouth, participated. Children were in the fourth, fifth, or sixth grades. Socioeconomic data and information on television use were collected during survey interviews. Three nonconsecutive 24-hour dietary recalls, conducted with each child, were used to construct nutrient and food intake outcome variables. Independent sample t tests were used to compare mean food and nutrient intakes of children from families in which the television was usually on during 2 or more meals (n = 41) to those of children from families in which the television was either never on or only on during one meal (n = 50). Multiple linear regression models, controlling for socioeconomic factors and other covariates, were used to test strength of associations between television and children's consumption of food groups and nutrients.
Children from families with high television use derived, on average, 6% more of their total daily energy intake from meats; 5% more from pizza, salty snacks, and soda; and nearly 5% less of their energy intake from fruits, vegetables, and juices than did children from families with low television use. Associations between television and children's consumption of food groups remained statistically significant in multiple linear regression models that controlled for socioeconomic factors and other covariates. Children from high television families derived less of their total energy from carbohydrate and consumed twice as much caffeine as children from low television families. There continued to be a significant association between television and children's consumption of caffeine when these relationships were tested in multiple linear regression models.
The dietary patterns of children from families in which television viewing is a normal part of meal routines may include fewer fruits and vegetables and more pizzas, snack foods, and sodas than the dietary patterns of children from families in which television viewing and eating are separate activities.
我们研究了用餐时电视的存在与儿童食物消费模式之间的关系，以测试儿童的整体食物消费模式，包括通常不做广告的食物，是否会随着电视成为正常用餐习惯一部分的程度而系统地变化。
通过广告和口碑招募了来自华盛顿特区附近郊区的91对亲子参与研究。儿童为四、五或六年级学生。在调查访谈中收集了社会经济数据和电视使用信息。对每个孩子进行三次非连续的24小时饮食回忆，以构建营养和食物摄入结果变量。使用独立样本t检验比较电视通常在两餐或更多餐时打开的家庭中的儿童（n = 41）与电视从不打开或仅在一餐时打开的家庭中的儿童（n = 50）的平均食物和营养摄入量。使用多元线性回归模型，控制社会经济因素和其他协变量，以测试电视与儿童食物组和营养素消费之间的关联强度。
与电视使用较少的家庭中的儿童相比，电视使用较多的家庭中的儿童平均每日总能量摄入量中，来自肉类的比例多6%；来自披萨、咸味零食和汽水的比例多5%；而来自水果、蔬菜和果汁的能量摄入量少近5%。在控制了社会经济因素和其他协变量的多元线性回归模型中，电视与儿童食物组消费之间的关联仍然具有统计学意义。电视使用较多家庭中的儿童从碳水化合物中获取的总能量较少，并且摄入的咖啡因是电视使用较少家庭中的儿童的两倍。当在多元线性回归模型中测试这些关系时，电视与儿童咖啡因消费之间仍然存在显著关联。
与电视观看和饮食是分开活动的家庭中的儿童饮食模式相比，电视观看是用餐习惯正常组成部分的家庭中的儿童饮食模式可能包括更少的水果和蔬菜以及更多的披萨、休闲食品和汽水。
