Hamułka J, Gronowska-Senger A, Witkowska K
Zakład Oceny Zywienia Katedra Zywienia Człowieka SGGW 02-787 Warszawa.
Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 2000;51(3):279-90.
Energy value and frequency breakfast intake in Warsaw primary schools were estimated in a group of 330 children aged 7-15 years. The research was carried out in autumn 1998 year. The nutrition mode was assessed by questionnaire interviews and of 24-hour recall [4] and computer programme "Zywienie". The size of the consumed portion was determined with an album containing colour photographs of products and dishes of different size [14]. Food consumption quality was estimated using test of Bielińska modified by Kulesza et al. [8]. Frequency breakfast intake decreased at older schoolchildren. Breakfast milk and products, vegetables and fruits intake was too low; intake of fat sweets and beverages like "coca-cola" was too high. Breakfast energy value was too low compared with recommended dietary allowances.
对华沙330名7至15岁儿童的早餐能量值和摄入频率进行了评估。该研究于1998年秋季开展。通过问卷调查、24小时膳食回顾[4]以及“Zywienie”计算机程序对营养模式进行评估。食用份量大小通过一本包含不同尺寸产品和菜肴彩色照片的相册来确定[14]。使用经库莱扎等人修改的别林斯卡测试[8]评估食物消费质量。年龄较大的学童早餐摄入频率降低。早餐中牛奶及制品、蔬菜和水果的摄入量过低；高脂肪糖果和“可口可乐”等饮料的摄入量过高。与推荐膳食摄入量相比，早餐能量值过低。
