Breitmeyer B G, Ogmen H
Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5341, USA.
Percept Psychophys. 2000 Nov;62(8):1572-95. doi: 10.3758/bf03212157.
Visual backward masking not only is an empirically rich and theoretically interesting phenomenon but also has found increasing application as a powerful methodological tool in studies of visual information processing and as a useful instrument for investigating visual function in a variety of specific subject populations. Since the dual-channel, sustained-transient approach to visual masking was introduced about two decades ago, several new models of backward masking and metacontrast have been proposed as alternative approaches to visual masking. In this article, we outline, review, and evaluate three such approaches: an extension of the dual-channel approach as realized in the neural network model of retino-cortical dynamics (Ogmen, 1993), the perceptual retouch theory (Bachmann, 1984, 1994), and the boundary contour system (Francis, 1997; Grossberg & Mingolla, 1985b). Recent psychophysical and electrophysiological findings relevant to backward masking are reviewed and, whenever possible, are related to the aforementioned models. Besides noting the positive aspects of these models, we also list their problems and suggest changes that may improve them and experiments that can empirically test them.
视觉后向掩蔽不仅是一个在经验上丰富且在理论上有趣的现象，而且作为一种强大的方法工具，在视觉信息处理研究中得到了越来越多的应用，并且作为一种有用的手段，用于研究各种特定受试人群的视觉功能。自从大约二十年前引入视觉掩蔽的双通道、持续 - 瞬态方法以来，已经提出了几种新的后向掩蔽和元对比模型，作为视觉掩蔽的替代方法。在本文中，我们概述、回顾并评估三种这样的方法：作为视网膜 - 皮层动力学神经网络模型（奥格门，1993）实现的双通道方法的扩展、感知润饰理论（巴赫曼，1984，1994）以及边界轮廓系统（弗朗西斯，1997；格罗斯伯格和明戈拉，1985b）。回顾了与后向掩蔽相关的近期心理物理学和电生理学发现，并尽可能将它们与上述模型联系起来。除了指出这些模型的积极方面，我们还列出了它们的问题，并提出了可能改进它们的变化以及可以通过实验对它们进行实证检验的实验。
