Mahajan V N
The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, California 90245, USA.
J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis. 2000 Dec;17(12):2216-22. doi: 10.1364/josaa.17.002216.
The concept of aberrations of diffracted waves is revisited by using the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld theory of diffraction, and it is pointed out that these aberrations are in a class by themselves; they are only deceptively similar to the aberrations of a rotationally symmetric imaging system. Although an exact Fourier-transform expression can be written for the diffracted wave field, its numerical calculation is cumbersome because of the dependence of the aberrations of the diffracted wave on the observation point. This is true regardless of whether the diffracted wave field is observed on a plane or a hemisphere. It is shown that the Fresnel and Fraunhofer approximations, which neglect these aberrations and thereby simplify the calculations, are valid in imaging applications.
利用瑞利 - 索末菲衍射理论重新审视了衍射波像差的概念，并指出这些像差自成一类；它们只是表面上类似于旋转对称成像系统的像差。尽管可以为衍射波场写出精确的傅里叶变换表达式，但由于衍射波像差对观测点的依赖性，其数值计算很繁琐。无论衍射波场是在平面还是半球面上观测，情况都是如此。结果表明，忽略这些像差从而简化计算的菲涅耳近似和夫琅禾费近似在成像应用中是有效的。
