Harvey J E, Shack R V
Appl Opt. 1978 Sep 15;17(18):3003-9. doi: 10.1364/AO.17.003003.
This paper is an attempt to provide new insight into the behavior of near-field scalar diffraction phenomena by showing that the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integral is equivalent to the Fourier transform integral of a generalized pupil function which includes a term that represents phase errors in the aperture. This term can be interpreted as describing a conventional wavefront aberration function. The resulting aberration coefficients are calculated and expressed in terms of the aperture diameter, observation distance, and appropriate field parameter for several different geometrical configurations of incident beam and observation space. These aberrations, which are inherently associated with the diffraction process, are precisely the effects ignored when making the usual Fresnel and Fraunhofer approximations.
本文试图通过表明瑞利 - 索末菲衍射积分等同于广义光瞳函数的傅里叶变换积分，为近场标量衍射现象的行为提供新的见解。该广义光瞳函数包含一个表示孔径相位误差的项，该项可解释为描述传统的波前像差函数。对于入射光束和观测空间的几种不同几何构型，计算了所得的像差系数，并根据孔径直径、观测距离和适当的场参数来表示。这些与衍射过程固有相关的像差，正是在进行通常的菲涅耳和夫琅禾费近似时所忽略的效应。
