Comizzoli P, Mermillod P, Mauget R
MNHN, Conservation des Esp es Animales, Parc Zoologique, Paris, France.
Reprod Nutr Dev. 2000 Sep-Oct;40(5):493-504. doi: 10.1051/rnd:2000113.
Assisted reproductive techniques (gamete cryopreservation, artificial insemination, embryo transfer, and in vitro fertilization) allow to propagate small fragmented populations of wild endangered species or domestic breeds. There are the best way for producing several offspring from selected genitors in order to avoid inbreeding depression. However, few mammalian species have been well studied for their reproductive biology whereas huge differences have been observed between these species. Furthermore, materials, methods and experimental designs have to be adapted for each case and each limiting factor (wildness, poor quantity of biological material, disparate locations). Genome resource banking is currently arising and the most applied reproductive biotechnology remains artificial insemination. Assisted reproductive techniques currently developed in domestic species (intracytoplasmic sperm injection, nuclear transfer) may offer new opportunities for the propagation of endangered species.
辅助生殖技术（配子冷冻保存、人工授精、胚胎移植和体外受精）有助于繁殖野生濒危物种或家养品种的小群体。这是从选定的亲本生产多个后代以避免近亲繁殖衰退的最佳方法。然而，很少有哺乳动物物种的生殖生物学得到充分研究，而且这些物种之间存在巨大差异。此外，材料、方法和实验设计必须针对每种情况和每个限制因素（野性、生物材料数量少、地点分散）进行调整。基因组资源库目前正在兴起，应用最广泛的生殖生物技术仍然是人工授精。目前在家养物种中开发的辅助生殖技术（胞浆内单精子注射、核移植）可能为濒危物种的繁殖提供新机会。
