Kemp C
Baylor University, School of Nursing, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 1999 Sep-Oct;16(5):673-81. doi: 10.1177/104990919901600508.
This is the last article in a six-part series on metastatic spread and natural history of the 18 most lethal tumors. The articles summarize symptom/problem anticipation, cancer metastasis, and the 18 tumors that each cause more than 6000 deaths/year in the United States. Bladder and brain cancer were discussed, with information given on tumor types, metastatic spread and invasion, and common symptoms. Parts II, III, IV, and V charted the natural histories, problems, and assessment parameters of advanced cancers of the breast, colon and rectum, esophagus, kidney, liver, and lung; and leukemia, melanoma, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and cancers of the oral cavity (and pharynx) and ovary. Part VI finishes the series with discussions of cancers of the pancreas, prostate, stomach, and uterus. Each of these cancers is presented separately, with information given on mortality rates, the most common tumor types, sites of metastases, common problems, and common oncology emergencies. Sites of spread, resulting problems (including site-specific symptoms), and assessment parameters are presented as tables. Material is presented so that clinicians are able to anticipate the spread of these cancers and can thus identify problems early in their development so that the problems are more easily managed.
这是关于18种最致命肿瘤的转移扩散及自然史的六部分系列文章中的最后一篇。这些文章总结了症状/问题预测、癌症转移以及在美国每年每种导致超过6000人死亡的18种肿瘤。已讨论了膀胱癌和脑癌，给出了肿瘤类型、转移扩散和侵袭以及常见症状的信息。第二、三、四和五部分描绘了乳腺癌、结肠直肠癌、食管癌、肾癌、肝癌和肺癌；以及白血病、黑色素瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、口腔（和咽）癌及卵巢癌等晚期癌症的自然史、问题和评估参数。第六部分通过讨论胰腺癌、前列腺癌、胃癌和子宫癌完成该系列。这些癌症中的每一种都单独呈现，给出了死亡率、最常见的肿瘤类型、转移部位、常见问题和常见肿瘤急症的信息。转移部位、由此产生的问题（包括特定部位症状）和评估参数以表格形式呈现。呈现这些材料以便临床医生能够预测这些癌症的扩散，从而在其发展早期识别问题，以便更轻松地处理这些问题。
