Kemp C
Baylor University School of Nursing, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 1999 Mar-Apr;16(2):479-86. doi: 10.1177/104990919901600211.
This is the third of a six-part series on metastatic spread and natural history of 18 common tumors. Part one summarized symptom/problem anticipation, cancer metastasis, and the 18 tumors that each cause more than 6,000 deaths per year in the United States. Bladder and brain cancers were discussed, with information given on tumor types, metastatic spread and invasion, and common symptoms. Part two charted the natural histories, problems, and assessment parameters of advanced breast, colon and rectum (colorectal), and esophageal cancers. Part three presents the natural histories, problems, and assessment parameters of advanced kidney cancer, leukemia, and liver cancer. Each of these cancers is presented separately, with information given on mortality rates, the most common tumor types, sites of metastases, common problems, and common oncologic emergencies. Sites of spread, resulting problems (including site-specific symptoms), and assessment parameters are presented as tables. Material is presented so that clinicians will be able to anticipate the spread of these cancers and can thus identify problems early in their development so that that they are more easily managed.
这是关于18种常见肿瘤转移扩散及自然病史的六部分系列文章中的第三篇。第一篇总结了症状/问题预测、癌症转移，以及在美国每年每种导致超过6000人死亡的18种肿瘤。讨论了膀胱癌和脑癌，给出了肿瘤类型、转移扩散和侵袭以及常见症状的信息。第二篇绘制了晚期乳腺癌、结肠直肠癌和食管癌的自然病史、问题及评估参数。第三篇介绍了晚期肾癌、白血病和肝癌的自然病史、问题及评估参数。这些癌症中的每一种都单独呈现，给出了死亡率、最常见的肿瘤类型、转移部位、常见问题和常见肿瘤急症的信息。转移部位、引发的问题（包括特定部位症状）及评估参数以表格形式呈现。呈现这些内容以便临床医生能够预测这些癌症的扩散，从而在其发展早期识别问题，使其更易于处理。
