Sakurai S, Ohtsuki T
Department of Life Sciences (Sports Sciences), Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
J Sports Sci. 2000 Nov;18(11):901-14. doi: 10.1080/026404100750017832.
The aims of this study were to establish the temporal-spatial relationship between muscle activity and the smash stroke of skilled badminton players and to assess performance accuracy using the ellipse of constant distance. We recorded the surface electromyographic (EMG) activity of selected superficial muscles of the stroking arm and shoulder--flexor carpi ulnalis, extensor carpi radialis, triceps brachii (lateral head), biceps brachii and trapezius (upper)--during the badminton smash. In the first part of the study, we examined the characteristics of muscle function and performance accuracy of skilled and unskilled individuals during the badminton smash. Five well-trained badminton players and five students with no experience of badminton were asked to smash a shuttle as hard as they could towards a vertical square target 4 m away, repeating the stroke 30 times. In general, the skilled players showed a more constant time from peak electromyographic amplitude to impact. Immediately after impact, the electromyographic activity of the triceps brachii and flexor carpi radialis of the skilled players decreased; in the unskilled participants, however, it continued until well after impact. The area of the ellipse of constant distance and the off-target distance, which were used as indices of performance accuracy, were smaller for the skilled than for the unskilled participants. In the second part of the study, one skilled and one unskilled participant performed 100 trials a day for 6 days. The time from peak electromyographic amplitude to impact in the extensor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnalis was more variable in the unskilled than in the skilled participant even after 6 days of practice, but the proximal muscles of the unskilled participant had a similar pattern of activity to that of the skilled player. Thus, controlling the distal muscles appears to be important for achieving accurate performance of the smash in badminton.
本研究的目的是确定肌肉活动与熟练羽毛球运动员扣杀动作之间的时空关系，并使用等距椭圆评估动作准确性。我们记录了在羽毛球扣杀过程中击球手臂和肩部选定表层肌肉的表面肌电图（EMG）活动，这些肌肉包括尺侧腕屈肌、桡侧腕伸肌、肱三头肌（外侧头）、肱二头肌和斜方肌（上部）。在研究的第一部分，我们检查了熟练和非熟练个体在羽毛球扣杀过程中的肌肉功能特征和动作准确性。五名训练有素的羽毛球运动员和五名没有羽毛球经验的学生被要求尽可能用力地将羽毛球扣向4米外的垂直方形目标，重复击球30次。一般来说，熟练运动员从肌电图峰值幅度到击球的时间更为恒定。击球后，熟练运动员的肱三头肌和桡侧腕屈肌的肌电图活动立即下降；然而，在非熟练参与者中，这种活动一直持续到击球后很久。作为动作准确性指标的等距椭圆面积和偏离目标距离，熟练参与者比非熟练参与者更小。在研究的第二部分，一名熟练参与者和一名非熟练参与者每天进行100次试验，持续6天。即使经过6天的练习，非熟练参与者桡侧腕伸肌和尺侧腕屈肌从肌电图峰值幅度到击球的时间比熟练参与者更具变异性，但非熟练参与者的近端肌肉活动模式与熟练参与者相似。因此，控制远端肌肉似乎对在羽毛球扣杀中实现准确动作很重要。
