Tremoulet P D, Feldman J
Department of Psychology, Center for Cognitive Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.
Perception. 2000;29(8):943-51. doi: 10.1068/p3101.
We demonstrate that a single moving object can create the subjective impression that it is alive, based solely on its pattern of movement. Our displays differ from conventional biological motion displays (which normally involve multiple moving points, usually integrated to suggest a human form) in that they contain only a single rigid object moving across a uniform field. We focus on motion paths in which the speed and direction of the target object change simultaneously. Naive subjects' ratings of animacy were significantly influenced by (i) the magnitude of the speed change, (ii) the angular magnitude of the direction change, (iii) the shape of the object, and (iv) the alignment between the principal axis of the object and its direction of motion. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that observers classify as animate only those objects whose motion trajectories are otherwise unlikely to occur in the observed setting.
我们证明，仅基于单个移动物体的运动模式就能产生其具有生命的主观印象。我们的展示与传统生物运动展示（通常涉及多个移动点，通常整合在一起以暗示人体形态）不同，因为它们仅包含一个在均匀场中移动的刚性物体。我们关注目标物体速度和方向同时变化的运动路径。天真的受试者对物体生命感的评分受到以下因素的显著影响：（i）速度变化的幅度，（ii）方向变化的角度幅度，（iii）物体的形状，以及（iv）物体主轴与其运动方向之间的对齐方式。这些发现与以下假设一致，即观察者仅将那些运动轨迹在观察场景中不太可能出现的物体归类为有生命的物体。
