Brookes S J
Department of Human Physiology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5001.
Anat Rec. 2001 Jan 1;262(1):58-70. doi: 10.1002/1097-0185(20010101)262:1<58::AID-AR1011>3.0.CO;2-V.
The guinea-pig small intestine has been very widely used to study the physiology, pharmacology and morphology of the enteric nervous system. It also provides an ideal, simple mammalian preparation for studying how nerve cells are organised into functional circuits underlying simple behaviours. Many different types of nerve cells are present in the enteric nervous system and they show characteristic combinations of morphological features, projections, biophysical properties, neurochemicals, and receptors. To identify the different functional classes is an important prerequisite for systematic analysis of how the enteric nervous system controls normal gut behaviour. Based on combinations of multiple-labelling immunohistochemistry and retrograde tracing, it has been possible to account quantitatively for all of the neurones in the guinea-pig small intestine. This article summarises that account and updates it in the light of recent data. A total of 18 classes of neurones are currently distinguishable, including primary afferent neurones, motor neurones, interneurones, secretomotor and vasomotor neurones. It is now possible to take an individual nerve cell and use a few carefully chosen criteria to assign it to a functional class. This provides a firm anatomical foundation for the systematic analysis of how the enteric nervous system normally functions and how it goes wrong in various clinically important disorders.
豚鼠小肠已被广泛用于研究肠神经系统的生理学、药理学和形态学。它还为研究神经细胞如何组织成简单行为背后的功能回路提供了一种理想、简单的哺乳动物实验标本。肠神经系统中存在许多不同类型的神经细胞，它们表现出形态特征、投射、生物物理特性、神经化学物质和受体的特征性组合。识别不同的功能类别是系统分析肠神经系统如何控制正常肠道行为的重要前提。基于多重标记免疫组织化学和逆行追踪的组合，已经能够对豚鼠小肠中的所有神经元进行定量统计。本文总结了该统计结果，并根据最新数据进行了更新。目前总共可区分出18类神经元，包括初级传入神经元、运动神经元、中间神经元、分泌运动神经元和血管运动神经元。现在可以选取单个神经细胞，并使用一些精心挑选的标准将其归入一个功能类别。这为系统分析肠神经系统的正常功能以及它在各种临床上重要的疾病中如何出现异常提供了坚实的解剖学基础。
