Suntsov V V, Suntsova N I
Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 33, Moscow, 117071 Russia.
Izv Akad Nauk Ser Biol. 2000 Nov-Dec(6):645-57.
A new hypothesis of the origin of the plague microbe in the Mongolian bobak (Marmota sibirica Radde, 1862) populations in Central Asia during the Pleistocene is based on the ideas of its relative phylogenetic recency. The Late Pleistocene cooling, which induced a deep freezing of the grounds in southern Siberia, Mongolia, and Manchuria, is considered as an inducer of speciation. The main ecological factors of the plague microbe evolution include the species specific behavior of the Mongolian bobak during preparation to hibernation related to its occurrence in arid petrophytic landscapes and the larval parasitism of the flea Oropsylla silantiewi Wagn., 1898 in winter. Genesis of the plague foci is divided into two periods: natural-historical and biosocial. During the first period, the primari natural foci in Eurasia were formed and, during the second period, synanthropic (rat) and secondary natural foci appeared, with the participation of humans, in Africa, The New World, and on some tropical islands.
基于鼠疫微生物相对较近的系统发育关系，一种关于更新世中亚蒙古旱獭（Marmota sibirica Radde，1862）种群中鼠疫微生物起源的新假说被提出。晚更新世的降温导致了西伯利亚南部、蒙古和满洲地区土地的深度冻结，这被认为是物种形成的诱因。鼠疫微生物进化的主要生态因素包括蒙古旱獭在准备冬眠期间的物种特定行为，这与其在干旱岩石植物景观中的出现有关，以及1898年发现的冬蚤Oropsylla silantiewi Wagn.的幼虫寄生现象。鼠疫疫源地的形成分为两个时期：自然历史时期和生物社会时期。在第一个时期，欧亚大陆形成了原始自然疫源地，在第二个时期，在人类的参与下，在非洲、新大陆和一些热带岛屿出现了共栖（鼠类）和次生自然疫源地。
