Schuit F C, Huypens P, Heimberg H, Pipeleers D G
Diabetes Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium.
Diabetes. 2001 Jan;50(1):1-11. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.50.1.1.
Nutrient homeostasis is known to be regulated by pancreatic islet tissue. The function of islet beta-cells is controlled by a glucose sensor that operates at physiological glucose concentrations and acts in synergy with signals that integrate messages originating from hypothalamic neurons and endocrine cells in gut and pancreas. Evidence exists that the extrapancreatic cells producing and secreting these (neuro)endocrine signals also exhibit a glucose sensor and an ability to integrate nutrient and (neuro)hormonal messages. Similarities in these cellular and molecular pathways provide a basis for a network of coordinated functions between distant cell groups, which is necessary for an appropriate control of nutrient homeostasis. The glucose sensor seems to be a fundamental component of these control mechanisms. Its molecular characterization is most advanced in pancreatic beta-cells, with important roles for glucokinase and mitochondrial oxidative fluxes in the regulation of ATP-sensitive K+ channels. Other glucose-sensitive cells in the endocrine pancreas, hypothalamus, and gut were found to share some of these molecular characteristics. We propose that similar metabolic signaling pathways influence the function of pancreatic alpha-cells, hypothalamic neurons, and gastrointestinal endocrine and neural cells.
已知营养物质稳态受胰岛组织调节。胰岛β细胞的功能由一个葡萄糖传感器控制，该传感器在生理葡萄糖浓度下起作用，并与整合来自下丘脑神经元以及肠道和胰腺内分泌细胞信息的信号协同作用。有证据表明，产生和分泌这些（神经）内分泌信号的胰腺外细胞也表现出葡萄糖传感器以及整合营养和（神经）激素信息的能力。这些细胞和分子途径的相似性为远距离细胞群之间的协调功能网络提供了基础，这对于适当控制营养物质稳态是必要的。葡萄糖传感器似乎是这些控制机制的一个基本组成部分。其分子特征在胰腺β细胞中研究得最为深入，葡萄糖激酶和线粒体氧化通量在调节ATP敏感性钾通道中起重要作用。在内分泌胰腺、下丘脑和肠道中的其他葡萄糖敏感细胞也被发现具有一些这些分子特征。我们提出，相似的代谢信号通路影响胰腺α细胞、下丘脑神经元以及胃肠内分泌和神经细胞的功能。
